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JOURNAL
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
VOL. LXV. PART II. (NATURAL HIsTory, &c.).
(Nos. I & II.—1898.)
EDITED BY THE
NaturaL jiistTo RY pECRETARY,
VS
“Tt will flourish, if naturalists, chemists, antiquaries, philologers, and men of
science in different parts of Asza, will commit their observations to writing, and send them to the Asiatic Society at Calcutta. It will languish, if such communications shall be long intermitted ; and it will die away, if they shall entirely cease.”” SIR WM. JONES.
CALCUTTA:
PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRUSS, AND PUBLISHED BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK SIREET.
1898.
ane
sh i) Am) a a 4
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
Aucock, ALFRED ;— Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India, No. 8. The Brachyura OS eae Part t.* The ane POOPED 60 s000.000008
Buapouri, C. B., and Based .) re — : Comeatienen ee iis Chemical Laboratory, Presidency Saileae: Calcutta. On Double Thiosulphates of Copper and Sodium..
Finn, F.;—Note on the Long-Snouted Whe: ‘caps: (Dryophis mycterizans)...
;— Note on the Seaannat ahaa of Spinasdeyd an ee ais of the Purple Honeysucker (Arachnechthra asiatica) and of an analogous American bird (Coereba cyanea)... ....seceecee severe
Kine, Grorce ;— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula..
——-—————- ; and Pratin, D. ;— Descriptions of some new aah from the North-Hastern Frontiers of India ..
Nic&vitte, LioneL DE ;— On a small collection of Batherflies meas Buru in the Moluccas ......... ee
——-————-; and Gn, erate “ae ea List of the Butterflies of the Ké Isles. (Plate is )
Riptey, H. N.;—New species of Hntada from Singapore bong ate fls' Fe nw nolan pe Sinha dhmnaydaey aneeve.sne sees swbard civjere ave
Page.
67
234
251
305
he + iy! :
. >! i CRAG E SE CES OR 8 a aoe a Bg + ae a — $ y he Ge sa ‘ 5 Rint 2 ade
Dates of Issue. Part II, 1898.
No. I,—Containing pp. 1-250, was issued on 5th August, 1898. aa {I].—Containing pp. 251—321, was issued on 15th September, 1898.
to
a ‘ , Bi boa re hs cab iat tre h
California Academy of Sciences
Presented byASiatic Society of —
Bengal.
a ee oe a
AOURNAL
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
== § E>
Vol, LXVII. Part II.—NATURAL SCIENCE.
No. I.—1898.
Materials for a Flora of the Mulayan Peninsula—By Groner Kina, K.C.1.E., M.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.
No. 10.
I had hoped in the present contribution to have completed, for these Materials, my account of the whole of the remaining Natural Orders of Calyciflore. This hope has, however, been frustrated by sick- ness. I have decided therefore to offer now to the Society the account of the five Orders which I have been able to elaborate ; trusting, at some time in the near future, to deal with the remaining Orders of the Class. Following the sequence adopted by Sir Joseph Hooker in his Flora of British India, those treated of in the present paper come to be numbered as below; Nos. 48 Lythracexw, 49 Onagraceex, 50 Samydacee, 52 Oucurbitacex, and 56 Araliacex. And those which re- main to be described would be Nos. 46 Myrtacex, 47 Melastomacex, 51 Passifloracee, 53 Begoniacew, 54 Ficoidex, 55 Umbelliferee, and 57 Oornacex. After finishing the Calycifloree, I hope, in collaboration with my friend and successor, Dr. D. Prain, to describe the families which are embraced in the gamopetalous and apetalous groups.
Order XLVIII. LYTHRACEHAL.
Trees, shrubs or herbs ; branches often quadrangular. Leaves entire, opposite, sometimes alternate or whorled; stipules 0. Injlorescence various, often in cymes or panicles, lowers hermaphrodite, regular,
ft |
2 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
rarely oblique, unisexual in Cyrpteronia. Calyx-tube free, persistent ; lobes 3-6, valvate, some accessory often added. Petals as many as the calyx-teeth, rarely 0, inserted near the mouth of the calyx-tube. Stamens definite or numerous, inserted on the calyx-tube. Ovary free in the bottom of the calyx-tube (rarely inferior), 2-6-celled, style long ; stigma capitate, rarely 2-lobed; ovules numerous, placentas axile (rarely parietal). Fruit coriaceous or membranous, free or more or less adnate to the base of the calyx, 2~6-celled or (by absorption of the partitions) l-celled, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds numerous, various in shape, angular, sometimes winged; albumen none; embryo straight, (cotyledons convolute in Sonneratia and Punica.) DistRIB. Species about 275 in tropical regions and especially in those of the New World; a few in temperate zones.
Tribe I. AMMANNIZ. Herbs, mostly sub-aquatic, with small or minute flowers ; the calyx membranous aye . 1, AMMANNIA. Tribe II, Lyturea. ‘Trees or shrubs with moder ie or large- sized flowers (minute in Crypteronia), large often wrinkled petals, and coriaceous or herbaceous calyx. Stamens not more than 12. Calyx 6-toothed ; petals 6; stamens 12; capsule circum- scissile, 1-celled ; seeds cuneate-obovate, angled .. 2 .PEMPHIS; Calyx 4- or 5-toothed ; petals 0; flowers numerous, minute, racemose, sub-unisexual; stamens 4 or 5; capsule 2-celled and 2-valved; seeds minute, narrowly winged on one side Si as sie ae ... & CRYPTERONIA. Stamens indefinite. Seeds free, not imbedded in pulp. Stamens in 2 or more rows; capsule 3-6-celled; seeds large, winged laterally ate Je .. 4 LAGERSTREMIA. Stamens in a single row; capsule 4-8-celled; seeds minute, narrowly winged at the upper margin an DUABANGA. Seeds imbedded in pulp, angular; berry 10-15-celled .. 6. SoONNERATIA.
<
1. AmmanniA, Linn.
Annual glabrous herbs growing in damp places; branches often quadrangular. . Leaves opposite and alternate, sometimes whorled, entire ; stipules 0. Flowers small, axillary, solitary and subsessile, or in small trichotomous cymes ; bracteoles usually 2. Calyx campanulate or tubu- lar-campanulate, 3-0-toothed, often with minute interposed teeth or folds. Petals 3-5 or 0, small, inserted between the calyx-teeth. Stamens 2-8, inserted on the calyx-tube. Ovary enclosed in the calyx-tube, 1-5- celled, the septa very thin and often absorbed; style filiform or short, stigma capitate; ovules numerous, placentas axile. Capsule membran- ous, globose or elongated-ellipsoid, enclosed in the calyx, 2-3-valved,
1898.] G. King-—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 3
irregularly breaking up, or circumscissile. Seeds many, small, smooth, round on the back and with a raphe on the inner face, ellipsoid or nearly hemispheric; placenta ultimately free central by the absorption of the dissepiments covered by the seeds. Distris. Species 30; in the tropi- cal or warm temperate zones of the whole world.
Flowers sessile, calyx-tube elongate-campanulate, capsule
ellipsoid, seeds narrowly oblong, falcate oes .. 1. A. peploides. Flowers pedicelled, calyx-tube depressed-hemispheric, cap- sule depressed-globose, seeds sub-hemispheric... vasi-| De, A. baccifera.
1. AMMANIA PEPLOIDES, Spreng. Syst. I, 444. Flowers in short axillary branches, sessile, solitary in the axils of reduced leaves ; bracts in pairs, filiform, shorter than the tube of the calyx. Calyx-tube elon- gate-campanulate, almost smooth, its mouth with 4 acutely triangular teeth. Petals absent, or 4 and minute. Capsule 2-valved, ellipsoid ; seeds narrowly oblong, sub-falcate, pink, angular, the hilum obscure. Leaves opposite, their midribs prominent; those of the flower-bearing branches linear-oblong, bearing a flower in the axil of each; those of the main stem elliptic or obovate, narrowed to the base and almost petiolate. Stems decumbent, often rooting, sometimes erect. Boiss. Flor. Orient. II, 742; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, 1877, pt. II, 84; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. I, 566. A. nana, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I, 427, (not of Wallich). A. repens, Rottl., DC. Prodr. III, 80. Ameletia indica, DC. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Genev. III, 11 (1825) 2, and 82,t. 3f. A.; Prodr. III, 76; Wall. Cat. 2093; W.& A. Prodr. 303; Blume Mus. Bot. II, 135, t. 47; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 96; Wight Ic. t. 257. A. elongata, Blume Mus. Bot. II, 185, A. acutidens, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. J, Pt. 1,617. <A. polystachya, Wall. Cat. 2094. A. latifolia, Wall. Cat, 2096, (partly Peplis indica,) Willd. Sp. Pl. II, 244.
Soutp ANDAMAN; near the settlements of Port Blair and Port Mowat; doubtless introduced as a weed of cultivation. Dzistris. India, China, Persia; in rice and other fields.
2, AMMANNIA BACCIFERA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 120. Flowers in very con- densed axillary racemes or clusters shorter than the leaves; bracts filiform, shorter than the flower-pedicels. Calyx-tube widely campanu- late, short, ridged ; the teeth 4, broadly triangular, acute. Petals none or minute. Capsule depressed-globose, imperfectly circumscissile above the middle. Seeds sub-hemispheric, black, excavated on the plane face. Leaves opposite, rather distant, linear-oblong, sub-acute or obtuse, narrowed at the base, smaller upwards, 2-5 in. long. Stem erect, glabrous, 8-24 in. long. Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. II, 133; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 97; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, Pt. II, 85 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 569. A, vestcatoria, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11
4 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Flor. Ind. I, 426; ed. Wall. I, 447; DC. Prodr. III, 78; W. & A. Prodr. 305; Wall. Cat. 2098, (partly). A. indica, Lamk. Ill. I, 311, No. 1555 ; DC. lic. 77; W. & A. Prodr. 305; Wall. Cat. 2099; Blume 1. c. t. 46. A. debilis, Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 1, I, 163. A. verticillata, Boiss. Flor. Orient. II, 743, (not of Link). Hapalocarpum vesicatorium and H. indicum, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. J, 618. Cryptotheca apetala, Blume Bijd. 1128; DC. 1. ec. 76.
Perak ; King’s Collector 303; Curtis 3195. S. Andaman, in similar situations with the last.
2. Pempuis, Forst.
A maritime shrub or tree, 25-35 ft. high. Leaves opposite, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, entire, very thick, fleshy. Flowers small, axillary, solitary, peduncles 2-bracteate at their base. Calya-tube campanulate, 12-co -ribbed ; teeth 6, short, with 6 shorter accessory teeth. Petals 6, inserted at the mouth of the calyx-tube and nearly as long, obovate, wrinkled, white or rose. Stamens 12, inserted in two series towards the middle of the calyx-tube. Ovary free at the bottom of the calyx- tube, 3-celled at the base; style long, stigma capitate; ovules many, ascending ; placentas 3, sub-basal. Capsule coriaceous, obovoid or nearly globose, included in the calyx-tube or exserted nearly half its length, somewhat irregularly circumscissile, ultimately 1-celled. Seeds very many, long cuneate-obovoid, angular, smooth, standing out in all direc- tious from the apparently free central placenta.
Pempis acipuLA, Forst. Gen. t. 34. Young parts more or less clothed with grey silky hairs, the young branches 4-angled. Leaves subsessile or very shortly petioled, sub-acute or obtuse, *5—-1°5 in. long. Flowers white. Capsule ‘4 in. long and ‘2 in. in diam. DC. Prodr. III, 89; Wall. Cat. 2108; W.and A. Prodr. 307; Griff. Notul. IV, 510; Blume Mus. Bot. II, t. 43; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, pt. I, 619; Bedd. Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen..t. XIV, fig. 5; Kurz For. Flor. I, 518. PRAingustifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 91; Flor. Ind. II, 465. P. setosa, Lour. Flor. Filip. ed.1, 410. Maclellandia Griffithiana, Wight Ic. t. 1996. Lythrum Pemphis, Linn. f. Suppl. 249; Lamk. Ill. II, 408, fig. 2. Melanium fruticosum, Spreng. Syst. IT, 445.
On the beech in Sincapore and probably in all the provinces. Awnpaman and Great Coco Isnanps; Prain. Disrris. Burma, Ceylon, S. of British India,
3. CRYPTERONIA, Blume.
Trees. Leaves opposite, petioled, entire, ovate or lanceolate. Racemes elongate, in branched panicles. Flowers minute, white or green,
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5
with short linear bracts at the base of the pedicels, polygamo-dicecious. Calyzx-tube short, saucer-shaped, or longer and subhemispheric; teeth 5 (rarely 4), valvate, persistent. Petals0. Stamens as many as the calyx-teeth, inserted between them near the mouth of the calyx- tube. Ovary free, 2-celled, with numerous horizontal or ascending ovules attached to the axile placentas ; style long, filiform; stigma capi- tate, obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule surrounded at the base by the calyx, globose, pubescent, crowned by the persistent style, 2-celled, dehiscing so as to divide the style, fruit-pedicel deflexed. Seeds many, elongate- ellipsoid, narrowly winged on one side. Disrris, Species 5, extending from the Khasia Hills to the Philippine Islands.
Leaves membranous, usually narrowed to the base, nerves
5 or 6 pairs, calyx less than ‘1 in. in diam. Je .. IL. C. paniculata, Leaves coriaceous, rounded or cordate at the base, nerves 7 or 8 pairs, calyx more than ‘lin.indiam. ... we oe 6 C, Griffith.
1. CRYPTERONIA PANICULATA, Blume Bijdr. 1151. A tree 20-40 feet high ; young branches glabrous or sometimes puberulous. Leaves membranous, oblong to oblong-lanceolate or more or less broadly elliptic, bluntly acuminate or blunt, narrowed to the base, entire, glabrous on both surfaces or slightly pubescent on the Jower; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, rather faint, curved ; length 3-6 in., breadth 1°25- 2°5 in. Flowers on short pedicels, very numerous, in long cylindric pubescent or glabrous racemes longer than the leaves, the racemes often panicled, Calya less than ‘1 in. in diam., its teeth triangular or triangular-lanceolate, acute. Stamens in the hermaphrodite flowers of the same length as the calyx-teeth, longer in the male flowers. Capsules globose-conic, puberulous or minutely velvety. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, Beng. 187, Pt. 11, 86; For. Flora Burma, I, 519. C. pubescens, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd, Bat. IT, 123; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br, Ind. II, 574; Griff. Notul. IV, 404; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 564, fig, II. OC. glabra, Blume Mus. Bot. II, 123; Clarke in Hook. fil, Flor. Br. Ind. IT, 574. Henslovia pubescens, Wall. Cat. 4904; Pl. As. Rar. III, 14 t. 221; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 716; Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. IV, 477, t. XVI. B, Henslovia Hookeri, Wall. Cat. 8566. H, affinis, Planch, Lond, Journ. Bot. IV, 477 (in part). H. leptostachys, Planch. Lond. Journ. Bot. IV, 478. H. glabra, Wall. Cat. 4093; Pl. As. Rar. III, 14; Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. IV, 478 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat, I, Pe, 716.
Penanc; Porter. Matacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib. 650/2). Perak; King’s Collector No. 5205. AnpaMAaNn IsLANDS; very common ; King’s Collector. Distris. Burma, Chittagong, Khasia.
I can find nothing better to distinguish the species which have been named
6 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. \ [No. 1,
C. glabra and C. pubescens from each other than the presence on the latter of a small amount of hair, neither can I find any tangible character to separate either from C. paniculata, Blume. To the latter species, as the oldest, I therefore reduce both,
2. Oryprmronta Grirrirnit, Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 574. A tree 40-60 feet high; young branches glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, broadly elliptic, acute, very slightly narrowed to the rounded or cordate ‘base, entire, glabrous on both surfaces; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, distinct on the lower surface, curved, ascending; length 4-8 in., breadth 2°25-3°5 in. Racemes much longer than the leaves, rusty- pubescent, sometimes panicled; flowers numerous but not crowded, shortly pedicellate. Calyx rather more than ‘1 in. in diam., its teeth triangular. Stamens exserted, Capsule shorter than the calyx-teeth, velvety, less than *l in. in diam., crowned by the long stout pubescent style. Hensloview sp. Griff. Notul. 406; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 564, fig. 1.
Maracoa; Griffith 2518. Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 651. Derry 1201. Penang; Curtis 1739. Prrax; Scortechint 221, Wray 2589, 2638. King’s Collector 3473, 4152, 8592.
4, LAGERSTR@MIA, Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, distichous (or the uppermost alternate), entire, oblong or ovate. Panicles axillary and terminal, the ultimate branchlets usually cymose, sometimes dense; peduncles 2-bracteate at their apex; pedicels 2-bracteolate. Flowers often large, Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, smooth, grooved, angular or sub-alate ; lobes 5-sometimes 7-9, ovate, subacute, valvate. Petals 6, sometimes 7-9 (or 0), inserted at the summit of the calyx-tube, clawed, wrinkled ; margin crisped, erose, or fimbriate. Stamens very many, inserted in several rows near the bottom of the calyx-tube ; filaments long, exserted. Ovary sessile in the bottom of the calyx, 3-6-celled; style long, bent, stigma capitate; ovules numerous, ascending, placentas axile. Capsule more or less adnate to the calyx, ellipsoid, coriaceous, smooth, 3-6-celled, 3-6-valved. Seeds many (rarely few), elongate, flat, erect, winged from their summit. Disrris. Species 18, in South-east Asia extending to Australia, :
Inflorescence and exterior of calyx stellately ferrugineous- tomentose ... a ae sh 1. LZ. floribunda. Inflorescence and outside of calyx minutely cinereous or whitish-velvety (the calyx sometimes rusty in L. Flos- Regine). Leaves glaucous beneath; calyx 10-ribbed, the mouth with only 5 teeth ... R me a .. 2, L. hypoleuca.
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 7
Leaves not glaucous beneath.
Calyx 8- or 9-ribbed, the teeth as many as the ribs and alternate with them; flowers 1°5 in. in diam.; leaves 2—3°25 in. long ae oa
Calyx 12-14-ribbed; the teeth half as many as the ribs, the ribs opposite the teeth broader ; flowers 2-3 in. in diam.; leaves 3°5-8 in. long te wv. 4 OD. Flos-Regine.
3. L, ovalifolia.
1.° LAGERSTR@MIA FLORIBUNDA, Jack in Mal. Misc. I, 38. A tree 15-30 feet -high. Leuves ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, sub-acute, the base rounded, sub-sessile; main nerves 8-12 pairs, sub-horizontal or curving upwards; both surfaces minutely reticulate when dry, the upper glabrous and shining, the lower with deciduous stellate pale brown pubescence, or glabrous; length 5-7 in., breadth 2-2°75 in. Punicle much longer than the leaves, terminal, erect; the branches long, race- moid, the ultimate branchlets cymose, ascending, everywhere (as also the calyces,) covered with more or less deciduous wooly rusty pubescence. Flowers 1°5 in, in diam.,on short pedicels. Calyx turbinate in bud, boldly 12-ridged, each alternate ridge passing into one of the 6 triangular calyx-teeth and often forming a mucro at its apex. Petuls sub-orbicular, with wavy edges, rose-coloured changing to whitish. Stamens unequal, the outer rows the longest. Capsule *5 in. long, elliptic, minutely cinereous-tomentose, half enveloped in the calyx, style persistent. DC. Prodr. III, 93; Wall. Cat, 2115; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat, I, pt. I, 623 (not Blume Mus. Bot. I, t. 41) ; Griff. Notul. LV, 509; Kurz For. Flor. I, 522; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor, Br. Ind. II, 577. Kepau; Curtis 2602. Penang; King. Trane; King’s Collector 1407, Matacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 653/2. Distrris. Burma, Siam, China. ~ 2, LaGgerstra@mia HypoLeuca, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. for 1872 Pt. II, p. 30. A tree 60-70 feet high; all parts except the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves thickly membranous, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic or oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base rounded; main nerves 8-12 pairs, spreading, not prominent; both surfaces rather distinctly reticulate when dry, the upper shining, the lower glaucous; length 5-8 in., breadth 2-3 in., petiole *3 in. long. © Panicles minutely cinereous- velvety, longer than the leaves, terminal, few-branched, the branches with rather short cymose sub-horizontal branchlets. Flowers about 1°25 or 1°5 in. in diam., on jointed whitish unequal pedicels. Calyx turbinate in bud, minutely whitish-velvety, boldly 10-ribbed, the alternate ribs excurrent into the 5 triangular acute mucronate lobes of the mouth. Petals lilac, oblong, wavy, ‘5 in. long. Capsule woody, oblong, mucronate, about ‘65 in. long. For. Flor. Burm., I, 528 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 577.
8 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
AnpaMAN Istanps; Kurz, Prain, King’s Collectors, Gruar Coco IsuAND; Prain.
3. LAGERstR@MiIA oOvaLirouia, Teysm. et Binn. in Nat. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. II. (1840) 306. A tree 50 or even 100 feet high. Leaves oblong, ovate or oblong-obovate, acute, slightly narrowed to the base ; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface when dry; upper surface greenish with minute black dots when dry, glabrescent except sometimes the minutely pubescent nerves; the lower brown when dry, glabrescent; length 2-325 in., breadth 1°25-2 in., petiole ‘25 in. Panicle terminal, puberulous, 3-8 in. long, few-flowered ; the branches few, sub-horizontal, cymose, puberu- lous below ; the pedicels minutely velvety, cinereous. Flowers 1'5 in. in diam., on jointed velvety pedicels, Calyx turbinate, minutely cinereous-velvety, with 8 or 9 bold winged ridges not passing into the calyx-teeth. Calyz-teeth 8 or 9, acutely triangular, the edges thickened and reflexed. Petals (with claw) °75 in. long, orbicular, clawed, purple, their edges slightly undulate. Capsule elliptic-ovoid, blunt, minutely velvety, ‘75 in. long, and °6 in. in diam. Kriudk. Arch. ITI, 440; Pl. Nov. Hort. Bog. (ed. Vriese) 20. Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. II, 127; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 624; Koorders and Valeton, Bijdr. I, 193. LL. celebica, B31, 1. ¢c. 127. DL. hexaptera, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 623; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. IT, 577.
Matacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib. 653), Prrax; King’s Collectors 8701, 10025 & 10532. Panane; Ridley 2640.
I can find no character to separate L. hexaptera, Miq. from the older species of Teysmann and Binnindik. Miquel’s name is moreover an unhappy one, as the calyx-teeth are usually 9 and not 6.
4, Lacerstramra Fros-Recing, Retz (1789) Obs. V, 25, <A tree 30-60 feet high, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves oblong to elliptic-oblong, acute, narrowed (rarely obtuse) at the base, shortly petiolate; main nerves 10-13 pairs, curving upwards, slightly prominent beneath when dry; both surfaces minutely reticulate, glabrous, the upper shining, the lower dull and of a dark brown colour when dry, length 3°5-8 in., breadth 1°75-3 in., petiole ‘25-4 in. Panicle terminal, longer than the leaves, its ultimate branchlets cymose. Flowers from 2-8 in. in diam., on rather thick greyish unequal pedicels. Calyx turbinate, with 12-14 prominent stout ridges; those opposite the calyx-teeth broader, the mouth with 6-7 acute triangular spreading thick coriaceous teeth thickened at the edges. Petals sub-orbicular, clawed, corrugated and with undulate edges. Stamens all equal in length. Capsule oblong to sub-globose, minutely apiculate, ‘8-1°25 in. ‘long, and ‘6-75 in. indiam, Kurz in For. Flora Burm, I, 524; Clarke in
1898.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 9
Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 577. DL. Munchhausia, Lamk. Ency. IIT, 375 ; Ill. t. 473 fig. 2. DL. Reginee, Roxb. Pl. Corom., I, 46, t. 65; Hort. Beng. 88; Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. IJ, 505; Blume Bijdr. 1127; DC. Prodr. III, 93; W. & A. Prodr. Flor. Penins. Ind, 308; Blume Mus. Bot, Lugd. Bat. II, 126; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 623 and Suppl. 328. Li. speciosa, Pers. (1807) Ench. II, 72 (not of DC.); Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IV, 28; Koorders and Valeton, Bijdr. I, 190, (excl. from all where reduced the syn. L. macrocarpa, Wall.). Matacca, Singapore. Perak. Disrris. Java, British India.
I have adopted Retz’s name (published in 1789) for this plant, as it is pretty nearly certain what Retz’s plant was. Koehne, Koorders and Valeton and others however adopt Persoon’s name of L. speciosa on the ground that, although it dates from only 1807, it preserves the specific name of Linnzeus (Munchhausenia speciosa 1770). But this procedure is rendered inadmissable when Linnezus’s description of that plant is consulted, for he describes M. speciosa as a shrub, whereas this plant is a large tree; moreover the rest of his description would apply to various other species of Lagerstremia; the identity of M. speciosa, L. is thus quite uncertain. L. macro- carpa of Wall. Cat. 2114, isa tree of about the size of L. Flos-Regine and resem- bles it in most respects, but differs (1) in having leaves of larger size (5-12 in. long) more or less broadly elliptic, never oblong or elliptic-oblong, the apex often sub-acute and the base broad or narrowed into a petiole twice as long as that of L. Flos-Regine ; (2) in the calyx being very slightly, if at all, furrowed and never ribbed, and (3) in having a larger more globose capsule (1-1°35 in. long and nearly as much in diam.). This tree has been in cultivation in the Bot. Garden, Calcutta side by side with L. Flos-Reginz for many years. It flowers earlier than the latter, has pink (not lilac) petals, and much larger capsules. In my opinion it is a good | species and should not be merged in L. Flos-Reginz. Itis found only in Burma and Chittagong. Kurz, who was familiar with it in its wild state in Burma, con- sidered it distinct and kept it as a species in his Forest Flora of British Burma.
5. Duapancoa, Ham.
Large glabrous trees with pendent quadrangular branches. Leaves opposite, distichous, large, short-petioled, elongated, acute, entire, cordate or rounded atthe base. Panicles large, terminal, with opposite branches ; flowers large. Calyx-tube wide, adnate to the base of the ovary; lobes 4-7, thick, valvate in the bud. Petals 4~—7, clawed, obovate, crisped and undulate, white. Stamens very many, inserted on a perigynous ring. Ovary conical, 4-8-celled; style bent, long; stigma capitate, 4-8-lobed ; ovules very many, ascending, placentas covering nearly the whole interior surface of the ovarian cells. Capsule sub-globose, surrounded at the base by the thick spreading calyx, coriaceous, perfectly or imperfectly 4-8-celled, 4—8-valved. Seeds very numerous, minute, ellipsoid, testa produced at both ends in two tails much exceeding the length of the nucleus. Disrxis. Species 2; Hastern Himalaya, Assam and Malaya, |
J. u. 2
10 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No.1,
DUABANGA SONNERATIOIDES, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc, XVII, 178. A tree 60-100 feet high. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong to ovate- oblong, 7-12 in. long and 2°5-4 in. broad, glabrous, glaucous beneath. Flowers 2—2°5 in, across, on thick-jointed pedicels tapering to the base ; panicle short, few-flowered, drooping. Petals 4-7, about 1 in. long. Capsule ovoid-globose, ]-1°5 in. in diam. Hook. fil. Hl. Him. Pl. t. 11; Kurz For. Flor. Burm. I, 525; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 579. D. grandiflora, Walp. Rep. II, 114. Lagerstremia grandiflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38; Flor. Ind. II, 503; DC. Prodr. III, 93; Wall. Cat. 2111; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 109. Leptospartion grandiflorwm, Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat, t. 591.
Pprak; Scortechint, King’s Collector 5912. AnpdAMans AND NICOBARS, King’s Collectors, Distrrp. Burma, Assam, Khasia, Eastern Himalaya,
6. Sonneratia, Linn. f.
Ever-green trees, growing near the sea, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petioled, coriaceous, entire. Flowers without bracts, large, three to- gether at the summits of the branches, or axillary and solitary. Calyx thick, coriaceous ; lobes 4-8, lanceolate, valvate. Petals 0, or as many as the calyx-lobes and linear-oblong, Stamens numerous, inserted in a circular band on the calyx-tube. Ovary nearly free, or adnate at the base to the calyx-tube, many-celled ; style long, stigma capitate; ovules numerous, ascending, placentas axile. Berry subglobose, supported by the persistent calyx, 10-15-celled. Seeds very many, small, curved, angular, embedded in pulp; cotyledons convolute. Dustin. Species 4—5 ; on the tropical sea-shores of the Hastern hemisphere.
With petals i oes #58 ees .. Ll. §. acida. Without petals :— Calyx in bud ovoid, obtuse ... ese ae eo. &. Si@erta, var. Griffith. Calyx in bud narrowly ellipsoid, tapering to both ends oe «62. | Oe aLUae
1. Sonneratia acipa, Linn. fil, Suppl. 252. A small tree 10-35 feet high, the branchlets jointed and 4-angled, Leaves oblong to oblong- obovate or obovate, tapering into a broad short petiole, blunt and sometimes retuse ; length 2~3 in., breadth 1°35 to 2 in. in the obovate forms. Slower-buds solitary, ellipsoid, the calyx-tube not angled; the calyx when fully developed 1 in. long, its lobes 6-8, the lobes triangular, reflexed, Petals linear, slightly broader towards tle apex than at the base. Style exserted, sometimes 3 in, long, stigma capitate, Capsule depressed-globose, sometimes as much as 2 in. in diam,, the apex some- what concave, the walls thick, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 38; Flor. Ind. II, 506; Roth Nov, Sp. 233; DC, Prodr. III, 231; Wall. Cat. 3641;
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 11
W.& A, Prodr. 327 ; Wight Ic. t. 340; Griff. Notul. IV, 652; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 336; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 496; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor, 98; Brand. For. Flor. 242; Kurz For. Fl. Burm. I, 526; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind, II, 580; Koorders and Valeton, Bijdr. I, 198. Rhizophora caseolaris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 635. Aubletia caseolaris, Geertn, Fruct. I, 479, t. 78.
PenanG; Curtis 1108. Perak; Scortechini, Wray 2494. ANDAMANS; Kurz, Prain, King’s Collectors, Distr1p. the coasts of Burma, the Deltas of the British Indian Rivers and of those of the Malayan Islands.
Var. Griffithii, Leaves obovate, petals none. 8S. Griffithii, Kurz Peeu Report, App. B, 54; For. Flora Burma, I, 526 ; Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. II, 580. 8S. alba, Griff. (not of Smith) Notul. IV, 652. &. neglecta, Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat, I, 338; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 498.
Perak; Scortechini 967. Distris. Burma.
The fruit of this variety is unknown; but the scanty material, so far as it goes, appears to show that the plant is merely an apetalous form of §. acida with leaves more obovate than is usual in that species. I have therefore reduced it to a form of the latter. Blume described other three species of Sonneratia with petals, viz., 8. obovata, S. evenia, and 8S. lanceolata separating them chiefly by characters taken from the shapes of the leaves. But in this genus the form of the leaf is very variable, and I doubt whether these three species are more than forms of S. acida. §. Pagapat, Blanco, and S. ovalis, Korth. are probably also forms of it.
2. SoONNERATIA ALBA, Smith in Rees Cyclop. XX XIII, No. 2. A small tree 10-15 feet high ; young branches rather terete. Leaves obovate or obovate-reniform, decurrent on the short petiole, blunt or retuse, 2—4 in. long and nearly as broad, petiole *125-25 in. Flower-buds narrowly ellipsoid, tapering to each end, very slightly ridged; the fully developed calyx sharply angled ; its lobes 6-8, oblong-lanceolate, acute. Petals none. Flowers about the size of those of §. acida, usually 2 or 3 together. Capsule broadly obconic, ribbed, 1 in. or more in diam. at the apex. DC. Prodr. III, 231; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 338; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 497; Kurz For. Flora Burma I, 526; Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. II, 580; Koorders and Valeton, Bijdr. I, 200. 8S. Mossambi- censis, Klotsch in Peters Reis. Mossamb, Bot. t, 12. S. acida, Benth. (not of Linn. fil.) Flor. Austral. III, 301; Hiern in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afric. II, 483; Wall. Cat. 3641 B.
Singapore; Wallich, Distris. Java, Moluccas.
Order XLIX. ONAGRACEA.
Herbs, rarely undershrubs, sometimes aquatic. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire or toothed, undivided (in Trapa the submerged leaves pinnatipartite), exstipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite, mostly axillary and solitary, or spiked or racemed towards the ends of the branches,
12) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
sub-irregular. Calya-tube wholly adnate to the ovary (half-adnate in Traupa), linib with 2-5 valvate lobes. Petals epigynous, alternate with the calyx-lobes, rarely 0. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, inserted with them. Ovary inferior (half-inferior in Trapa), 1—6-celled, most often 4-celled; style 1, cylindric or subulate, stigma capitate or nearly 2-lobed or 4-fid; ovules one or many in each eell, pendulous or half-ascending, placentas axile. Fruit various, dehiscent or indehiscent, membranous capsular or bony, 1- or several-celled, 1 or o-seeded. Seeds without albumen, or nearly so, Dusrris. Species 300, spread throughout the world, most abundant in the North Temperate Zone.
Stamens twice as numerons as the calyx-lobes... oo. |. JUSSIMA. Stamens equal in number to the calyx-lobes_ .,. .. 2 LUDWIGIA.
1. Jussima, Linn.
Herbaceous or suffruticose, sub-aquatic. Leaves simple, alternate, usually entire. lowers white or yellow, solitary, axillary; pedicel usually bibracteate at the apex. Culyax-tube narrow, only slightly produced above the ovary ; its teeth 4—6, acute, persistent. Petals 4-6, epigynous. Stamens also epigynous, twice as numerous as the petals. Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled ; style simple, usually very short, the stigma 4-or 5-lobed ; ovules numerous, axile, in several vertical rows at the inner angle of each cell. Capsule narrow, cylindric or angled, 4- or 5- celled, 8-10-ribbed, dehiscing septicidally. Seeds very numerous, with- out coma. Disrris. Species 30, tropical, chiefly American.
JUSSIZA SUFFRUTICOSA, Linn, Sp. Pl, 555. Hrect, branching, 1- 4 feet high. Leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or almost linear, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the base, villous, pubescent or arib- pinkie 2-3 in. long, and ‘25-75 in. broad, sessile or very shortly petioled. Flowers ‘5-75 in. in diam., on very short pedicels, the bracts small or foliaceous. Petals wholly yellow. Capsule linear, cylindric, 1-2 in. long, membranous, not woody, 8-ribbed, deciduously villous or pubes- cent. Seeds sub-hemispheric; the testa with a prominent raphe, shining, brown, not corky. DC. Prodr. 117, 58; Wall. Cat. 6334; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 628; Kurzin Journ. As, Soc. 1877, Pt. 11, 90; Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind, Il, 587. J. ewaltala, Roxb. Hort. Beng, 33; Flor. Ind. I], 401. J, villosa, Lamk. Dict. III, 331; DC. Prodr. III], 57; Wall. Cat. 6333; W. & A. Prodr. 336; Gibs. & Dalz. Bomb. Flor. 98. J. fruticosa, DC. lee. J. scabra, Willd.; DC, lic. J. Burmanni, and octophila, DC. 1. c. J. longipes, Griff. Notal. IV, 689. J. decumbens, Wall. Cat. 6322. J.angustifolia, Lamk. Dict. III, 331 and IIL, t. 280, fig. 3; DC. Prodr. III, 55; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 627, Epilobium fruticoswm, Lour, Flor. Dopha china 226. Rheede Hort. Mal. I, t, 50.
1898.| G. King-~ Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.) 13
SmyncaporeE; Penanc; Perak; ANDAMAN IstanDs, and probably in all the other provinces; Distris. British India, Ceylon, A widely distributed plant to which many names have been given. Itis
readily distinguished from J. repens, Linn. (the only other species common to the tropics of both worlds) by its narrower leaves, membranous capsule and erect habit..
2. Lupwiaia, Linn.
Herbs, Leaves alternate, undivided, sub-entire. Flowers usually axillary, solitary, sessile or nearly so, peduncle 2-bracteate at its apex. Culyx-tube scarcely produced above the ovary, linear in the Indian species; teeth 3-5, acute, persistent. Petals 3-5 (or 0), epigynous, yellow. Stamens equal in number to the calyx-segments, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled ; style simple, stigma capitate; ovules very many, attached in 2 or more vertical rows to the inner angle of each cell. Capsule linear or oblong (in the Indian species), 4—5-celled, open- ing by terminal pores or breaking up irregularly along the sides. Seeds numerous, obovoid, smooth, raphe obscure or prominent but not large, without coma. Dustris, Species 20, mostly in North America; extend- ing from the cool temperate zone to the pete chiefly funapienie marshes.
Capsules inflated, seeds in several rows re wv. IL. DL. parvifiora. Capsules filiform, not inflated; seeds in a pag row in each cell
=! pat a, 2. L. prostrata. 1. Lupwieia parvirtora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11; Flor. Ind. I, 419. An erect glabrous herb 8-24 in. high. Leaves taicalbtoite, linear-lanceo- late or linear-oblong, narrowed to each end, 1-3 in long, and ‘25-°75 in. broad. Flowers on short pedicels, usually 4-fid. Petals small. Capsule inflated, obsoletely 4-angled, smooth, crowned for sometime by the persistent calyx-teeth, ‘35-5 in. long. Seeds in many rows in each cell. DC. Prodr. III, 59; Wight Ill. t. 101; W. & A. Prodr. 336; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 99; Benth. Flor. Austral. III, 307; Boiss. Flor. Orient. IJ, 752; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, Pt. II, 91; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. IT, 588, lL. lythroides, Blume Bijd. 1134; DC. 1.c. D. jussizoides, Wall. Cat. 6335 (not of Linn. and others). Perak; Scortechint 442; Wray 2720. ODistris. British India and Ceylon. |
2. Lupwicta prostrata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11; Flor. Ind. I, 420. Stem prostrate, or decumbent at the base and then erect, 8-24 in. long, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, tapering to the base, 2—4 in. long and °35—75 in. broad. Flowers some- times more than one in an axil, sessile, 4-fid. Petals lanceolate, longer than the calyx. Capsule 4-angled, thin, filiform, not at all inflated,
14 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
smooth, crowned by the linear calyx-teeth ; length *5-1 in. diam. ‘02 in. Seeds oval, ina single row in each cell, DC. Prodr. IIT, 59; Wight Ic. t. 762; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, Pt. IJ, 91. Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind, II, 588. L, diffusa, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV, 301; Wall. Cat. 6336; DC. 1. c DL. fruticulosa, Blume Bijd. 1133; DC.1.¢. Nemato- pyxrs prostrata, pusilla, and fruticulosa, Miq. Flor. Ind, Bat. I, Pt. I, 630.
Perak; Curtis 3183. Sincapore; King’s Collector 58. ANDAMANS; King’s Collector, Distris. Burma, Cachar, Sylhet, Assam, and the base of the Hastern Himalaya.
A species closely resembling L. parviflora, but readily distinguished by having very slender capsules, through the walls of which the seeds may be distinguished lying in single row in each cell; whereas in L. parviflora the seeds are in several rows in each cell and are undistinguishable on the outside of the thick walls of the short inflated capsules.
Order L, SAMYDACEA.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often distichous, petioled, rarely subsessile, simple, entire or slightly crenate or serrate, often closely punctulate beneath; stipules small, deciduous. Flowers regular, small, axillary, shortly pedicelled, densely fascicled or in long simple or panicled racemes. Calyx coriaceous, persistent; tube short, free, or longer and adnate to the ovary; limb 3-7-fid. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes (or 0), perigynous, imbricated. Stamens definite or indefi- nite, often with staminodes between or united in a tube with them. Ovary superior or half-superior, 1-celled ; style 1, capitate or 3-fid at the apex, or styles 2-5; ovules many or several, placentas 2-5 (usually 3), parietal. Fruit loculicidally 2-5- (usually 3-) valved, valves carrying the seeds on their mesial line. Seeds several (usually few, sometimes many), oblong or angular, albuminous, usually drilled. Disrris. Species 180, scattered through the tropical regions of the globe, rarely also in the subtropical.
Flowers without petals :—
Flowers in axillary glomeruli, rarely solitary ... .. 1. CASEARIA, Flowers in long slender racemes or panicles... .. 2 OSMELIA. Flowers with petals; flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles ose Bo ee nas .. & HOMALIUM,
1. Casearia, Jacq.
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, distichous, petioled, un- divided, entire or slightly serrate, often minutely punctate; stipules small, lateral, caducous. Flowers small, greenish-yellow, clustered in the axils (in the Indian species) ; pedicels short, jointed above their bases, surrounded by small scales. Calyx inferior, deeply 4~5-lobed ;
1898.] G. King—NMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 15
lobes imbricate, obtuse, persistent. Petals 0. Stamens double the number of the calyx-lobes or thereabout, united in a tube with staminodes alternating with the free portion of the filaments; staminal tube hypo- gynous, sometimes very short so that the filaments are nearly or quite free. Ovary free, ovoid, 1-celled, style simple, stigma capitate or 3-fid; ovules many, parietal. wit succulent, globose or ovoid, ellipsoid (when dry somewhat 3-angular or 6-ribbed), 3-rarely 2-valved. Seeds many, angular or obovoid, with a fleshy usually coloured aril ; embryo straight. Distris. Species 140, in the warmer parts of the whole globe, most plentiful in America.
Leaves pubescent on the lower surface, glabrescent on the
upper :— Leaves narrowed or rounded, but never cordate or trun-
cate, at the base ; glomeruli few-flowered .., .. Ll. CG. Lobbiana. Leaves cordate or truncate at the base; glomeruli many-
flowered ... Ae me ae Palate a, grewiefolia.
Leaves glabrous on both surfaces :— Fruit not exceeding 1 in. in length and usually much shorter :— Leaves broadly elliptic, shortly acuminate, thinly mem- branous ; calyx-teeth 4 ee os .. 3& @. albicans, Leaves elliptic-oblong, thinly coriaceous or membran- ous, main nerves 10-12 pairs; stamens 10 .. 4. GC. andamanica. Leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, main nerves 6-8 pairs; stamens 8 ve ae .. 5. C. esculenta. Fruit large, fleshy, 1°5-2 in. long; leaves narrowly oblong; coriaceous. Flowers in glomeruli :— Leaves tapering slightly to base and apex; fruit
apiculate Kise “ae - 6 GC. Kunstleri. Leaves acute at the apex, subs acute at the Haines fruit not apiculate a wv T OC. Clarke. Flowers solitary or in fascicles of 2, asibtone .» 8. OC. macrocarpa,
1, CaszartA Lopstana, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. (1858), XXXI, Pt. I, 463, A slender tree 15-20 feet high; young branches slender, densely tawny-pubescent. Leaves oblung or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base rounded or narrowed; upper surface glabrescent, the midrib and nerves pubescent ; lower surface sparsely pubescent, densely so on the midrib and nerves; main nerves 8-10 pairs, curving upwards, length 2-5 in., breadth 75-225 in.; petioles ‘2-3 in., tomentose, slender. Flowers few together in the leaf-axils, on very short pedicels, glabrescent. Calyz-teeth triangular, acute, reflexed. Staminodes villous, rather shorter than the stamens. Fruit almost sessile and nearly globose, orange-yellow when ripe, ‘5 in. long and °4
in, in diam. Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 594,
16 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Srvcaporr; Lobb. Porax; King’s Collector 2377, 2631, 10731; Wray ; 829, 2594; Scortechini (without number), Distris. Tenasserim. 2, CASEARIA GREWI#FOLIA, Vent. Choix. 48. A small tree; young branches 4-angled, densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves oblong, acute, not at all or very little narrowed to the cordate sub-truncate base, the edges entire or minutely crenulate; upper surface shining, almost glabrous, the lower surface pellucid-punctate when fresh, tomentose on the midrib and 10-14 pairs of little-curved ascending main nerves, otherwise sparsely pubescent; length 4°25-6 in., breadth 1°25-2°35 in., petiole ‘2 in. Glomeruli many-flowered, chiefly from the axils of fallen leaves; the flower-pedicels slender, ‘25 in. long, minutely pubescent, ‘ articulated at the base. Flower-bud °15 in. long; sepals minutely adpressed-pubescent, adnate at the base to the short staminal column. Stamens 8, the glabrous filaments alternating with the 8 pubescent staminodes. Ovary pytamidal, hairy at its junction with the style. Fruit compressed-ellipsoid, nearly 1 in. long, glabrous, boldly ridged when dry. DC. Prodr. Il,51; Mig. ‘Flor, Ind, Bat. 1, Pi. e706: Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. IT, 594. C. variabilis, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 252. C. subcuneata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 706. C. cinerea, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1858), XX XI, Pt, I, 462. ' Manacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 659, 661. Purax; Scortechini ; 2003. Disrris. Java, Bali, and other Islands of the Malay Archipelago.
8. Castaria ALBICANS, Wall. Cat..7197. A shrub 3 or 4 feet high ; young branches slender, very pale, almost white when dry, glabrous. Leaves thinly membranous, pale brown when dry and much pellucid- punctate, more or less broadly elliptic, shortly acuminate; the base rounded or very slightly narrowed, the edges entire, both surfaces gla- brous and finely reticulate when dry; main nerves 8 or 9 pairs, curved, ascending; length 4-7°5 in., breadth 2°25-4 in., petiole *25 in. Glome- ruli small, few-flowered, axillary ; flower-buds obovoid, almost sessile, surrounded by numerons acute bracteoles. Calyx-teeth 4, broadly tri- angular, glabrous. Fruit broadly ovoid, compressed, acute, subglabrous, 1 in. long and ‘65 in. in its broad diameter. ‘‘ Samydee,” Wall. Cat. 7432. | 3
Penang; Wallich. Porax; King’s Collector 3634.
The above description is drawn up from the two sheets of Wall. Cat. above quoted and of King’s Collector 3634. One of Wallich’s specimens 9197 has fruit in a pocket detached from the twig, the others have no fruit. The plant here named C. albicans is not, however, that described under the same name by Mr. C. B. Clarke in the Flora of British India. Mr. Clarke’s plant is 660 of Maingay’s Herbarium, and is referred by me (along with 660/2) to C. macrocarpa, Clarke.
4. CASEARIA ANDAMANICA, new species, <A tree 20-40 feet high ; young branches pale brown, glabrous. Leaves oblong-elliptic, acute,
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 17
slightly narrowed and somewhat oblique at the very base ; both surfaces glabrous, minutely reticulate when dry; main nerves 10-12 pairs, spreading, curving upwards, slightly prominent beneath ; length 6-9 in., breadth 2°75-3°5 in., petiole *5-"75 in. Glomeruli axillary, large and many-flowered ; buds sub-globular, glabrous ; pedicels about °25 in. long glabrous, the bracteoles minute. Calyz-segments ovate, glabrous; staminal tube wide, nearly glabrous, adherent below to the sepals; filaments 10, as long as the tube and as the alternating villous stami- nodes, Ovary elongate-pyramidal, 3-angled, stigma capitate; fruit un- known.
Anpaman IsLanps ; King’s Collectors.
5. CASEARIA ESCULENTA, Roxb, Flor. Ind. TI, 422. A shrub or small tree as high as 20 or 30 feet; young branches pale, striate when dry, glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to elliptic- lanceolate, acute at the apex and acute or obliquely rounded at the base, the edges entire; both surfaces reticulate ; main nerves 6-8 pairs, spreading, not prominent; length 3-7 in., breadth 1°5-2°25 in,, petiole 25 in. Glomeruli axillary, many-flowered ; buds and pedicels glabrous, the latter ‘2-25 in. long; bracteoles very short, glabrous. Calyx-teeth 4, broadly ovate, concave. Scamens 8, alternating with the staminodes. Ripe fruit ellipsoid to globular-ovate, glabrous, dehiscing by 2 or 5 valves, length *75 in, or more. Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind, II, 592. O. lxvigata, Dalz, in Hook. Journ. Bot. IV, 107; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 11. ©, Championit and C. Zeylanica, Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Ceylon, 19. OC. varians, Thwaites Enum. 19 (in part).
Sincapore; Lobb, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 657.
Perak; Ridley 5218; Scortechini 804; King’s Collector 4699, 7001,
A widely distributed species presenting a considerable amount of variation. Perak specimens have larger leaves than those from British India; but they appear to have smaller fruits; for Roxburgh describes the fruit of the plant, as it grows in the Northern Circars, as being as large as a nutmeg.
6, Cassaria Kunstiert, King n. spec. A tree 30-80 feet high ; young branches pale, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, narrowly oblong, tapering slightly to each end, the edges entire; both surfaces glab- rous and minutely reticulate; the upper shining, the lower rather dull; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, ascending and only slightly curved, prominent on the lower surface; length 5-7 in., breadth 1-5-2 in.:; petiole -25 in, stout. Glomerult mostly in the axils of fallen leaves, many-flowered; pedicels stout, glabrous ‘35-45 in. long; buds ‘15 in, long, blunt. Calyx 5-cleft, the segments broadly ovate, obtuse, concave, minutely pubescent, Stamens 10, broad, sub-acute, the filaments broad, pointed, their edges pubescent. Staminodes elliptic, their apices acute and
J.u. 3
18 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. J,
pubescent. Ovary broadly ovate, 5-celled; the stigma capitate-discoid, almost sessile. Fruit bright yellow, broadly ovoid or obovoid, apicu- late, tapering also to the base, glabrous, 1°5-2 in. long and *75-1°35 in. diam., pulpy and smooth when ripe, boldly 3-angled when dry.
Perak ; Wray 3752; King’s Collector 3694, 6936, 7118.
This resembles both C. macrocarpa and C. Clarkei in several respects, but it has larger and more numerous flowers, and the fruit is broader, in proportion to its length, than is the case in either of these species. The leaves are less shining and reticulate than those of C. macrocarpa, but they closely resemble those of C. Clarke.
7. CasbaRIACLARKEI, King. A tree; young branches thick, glabrous, striate. Leaves coriaceous, narrowly oblong, acute at both base and apex, both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining ; main nerves 5-7 pairs, slightly curved, ascending, prominent beneath; length 5-10 in., breadth 1°5-2°75 in., petiole 25-4. in. long. Glomeruli very condensed, axillary, many-flowered ; pedicels ‘25 in. long, glabrous like the buds. Ripe fruit ovoid, bright yellow, 2 in. long and 1:25 in. in diam. C. albicans, Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. II, 593 (not of Wallich).
Manracca; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 660. Sryearore; Ridley 6354. :
This species resembles C. macrocarpa Clarke, but has smaller fruit. Its leaves are moreover larger, less shining and less reticulate, and the glomeruli are much more numerously flowered.
8. CasfaRIA macrocarPa, Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. IT, 593. A small tree; young branches reddish, glabrous. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the base narrowed, the edges entire; both surfaces glabrous, shining, minute, reticulate when dry; main nerves about 5 or 6 pairs, curved, ascending, length 4-6 in., breadth 1 to 1°5 in., petiole *3-4in. long, Glomeruli axillary, one-or few-flowered ; pedicels about *15 in, long, glabrous, the buds glabrous outside, reddish ; calyx- teeth 5, oblong, blunt, minutely velvety inside. Fruit obovoid or ellipsoid, compressed, 1°5-1°75 in. long by ‘65 in. broad; seeds obovoid, compressed.
Pananc; Maingay 660/2; Curtis 229 and 960,
2. Osmetia, Thwaites.
Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, entire or obscurely serrate, epunctate; stipules minute, deciduous. lowers small, very nearly sessile, in long simple or panicled racemes. Calyx inferior, divided nearly to the base; lobes 4 or 5, rounded, imbricate. Petals 0, Stamens 8 or 10, half alternating with as many 2-lobed hairy scales and half inserted in the notches of those scales. Ovary superior, l-celled ; styles 3, short, with capitellate or bifid stigmas; ovules few ;
1898.} G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 19
placentas 3, parietal. Capsule subglobose, 3-valved. Seeds few, subglobose, with a red fleshy aril. Duisrris. Species 6; Malaya, Philip- pines, Ceylon.
Osmexta Marneayi, King n. spec.. A diceceous tree 20-60 feet high ; young branches slender, minutely tawny-tomentose. Leaves membran- ous, oblong or elliptic-oblong to elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base rounded or slightly narrowed, the edges entire or very obscurely crenate; the upper surface glabrous, the lower covered with minute yellowish pubescence especially on the nerves and midrib; main nerves 6-10 pairs, curved, spreading, interarching within the edge; length 4—6 in., breadth 1°75 to 3 in., petiole ‘6-75 in. Male panicles slender, terminal, several times as long as the leaves; flowers ‘1 in. in diam. or less, on short pedicels bracteate at the base, in slightly distant small glomeruli. Sepals 4, membranous, imbricate, rotund, pubescent, concave. Petals 0. Stamens 8 in two rows, one row with longer filaments alternating with the row opposite the broad villous glands. Panicles of female flowers axillary, shorter than the leaves, slightly longer in fruit. Calyx as in the male, but the segments smaller. Stamens sub- equal, shorter than the calyx, the filaments very short, glands and ovary densely hairy; the latter sub-globular, tomentose, crowned by 3 short distant bifid glabrous stigmas, l-celled ; ovules 3, erect. Capsule ‘5-65 in. long, 3-ridged, dehiscing by 3 valves.
MataccaA; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 1448. Perak; Scortechini 158, 191, 623. King’s Collector 741, 1240, 2339, 4259, 4096, 5667, 7660, 7045, 10017, 10981; Wray 3665. Pauanc; Ridley 2654, Srncarore ; King, Ridley 3804, 1904, .
This appears to be a very common tree in Perak; for there is large suite of specimens of it in the Calcutta Herbarium numbering about 150 sheets, The various gatherings vary somewhat as to the amount of pubescence and number of nerves on the leaves, as also in the length of the panicles; but I cannot make out more than one species. Maingay’s specimen (Kew Distrib.) 1439 looks as if it might be different. There is only a single sheet of it at Calcutta, and no flower remains on its panicles. Beccari’s Sumatra plant 928 may possibly belong to still another species. All the species have the facies of Antidesma; the capsular fruit when present however at once distinguishes then from that genus.
3. Homatium, Jacq.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, crenate or subentire, petioled or sessile, rarely punctulate. Flowers hairy, small, in slender axillary and sub-terminal simple or panicled racemes; bract at the base of the pedicel often prominent but caducous. Calya-tube funnel-shaped or cylindric, adnate to the base of the ovary ; lobes 5-10, narrow, persistent, Petals o-10, inserted in the throat of the calyx, linear-oblong, persistent. Disc
20 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1
tomentose. Stamens solitary or in fascicles of 2-7, opposite the petals, alternating with large glands. Ovary half-superior, 1-celled ; styles 2-5, filiform, stigmas capitellate ; ovules many or several ; placentas parietal, extending only down the upper free portion of the ovary. Capsule half- superior, coriaceous, 2—5-valved at the apex. Seeds few, angular or
oblong. Duistris.—Species 50, scattered over the hot regions of nearly the whole globe.
Flowers never more than ‘35 in. in diam. :— Stamens 1 opposite each petal; leaves glabrous So ke Stamens 2 in front of each petal; calyx-tube funnel— + shaped :— Leaves glabrous, glaucous beneath; flowers 6- merous eee vee oop 2 HH. Kunstierz. Leaves glabrous except on He midrib beneath, not glaucous; flowers 6- or 7-merous sie 3. Leaves sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, the midribs tomentose ; flowers 10-merous we A Stamens 4 in front of each petal; flowers 6-merous, calyx-tube cylindric, expanding very slightly at the
mouth see ove aa «. OO. H, frutescens, Flowers ‘6—75 in. in diam. :—~
Stamens 4 in front of each petal; calyx-teeth 5, much smaller than the petals : 6.
Stamens 7-9 opposite or sub-opposite to cai ssoulare calyx-teeth 7-9, larger than the petals and accrescent 7.
H. longifoliwm,
H, propinquum.
H. Griffithianwm.
H. undulatum.
H. grandiflorum. 1, Homanium LonGirotiuM, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, 35
A tree 30-60 feet high; young branches slender,
lenticellate, almost glabrous.
Leaves coriaceous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base narrowed; the edges entire, sometimes slightly undulate; both surfaces quite glabrous, the lower darkest when dry; main nerves 7-9 pairs, spreading, curved, faint; length 3-4°5, in., breadth 1'5-1°75 in.; petiole ‘3 in., stout. Racemes slender, axillary, solitary, rarely branched, 4-7 in. long, covered with minute white tomentum. Flowers‘15 in, across, almost sessile, in fascicles of 3 or 4, 6-fid. Calyw-tube narrow, its segments lanceolate like the petals but broader Stamens one opposite to each petal alternating with yellow-glands. Fruit unknown. Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. II, 596. Blackwellia macrostachya, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. 1863 (Vol. XXXVI), 610.
Penang; Phillips, Curtis 201. Maracca; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 665; Derry 994, Prax; King’s Collector 4444, 7855, 10230, 10763; Scortechini 487, 2036. SeLancor; Scortechini 1910.
2. Homatium KounstTLERri, n. spec. King. A tree 30-40 feet high ;
young branches glabrous, rather slender, smooth, glaucous. Leaves
1898.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 21
coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, narrowed or rounded at the base, sometimes oblique ; the edges remotely crenate, revolute when dry ; both surfaces glabrous, the lower glaucous; main nerves 8 or 9 pairs, faint, curving upwards; length 4°5—7 in., breadth 2°25-2°75 in. ; petiole -2—3 in., thick. Rucemes solitary, axillary, slightly Jonger than the leayes, bearing rather distant glomeruli of 3.or 4 flowers each, the rachis densely and minutely tomentose. Flowers *3 in. in diam., the pedicels about ‘1 in. long. Calya-tube short, widely funnel-shaped ; teeth 6, oblanceolate, obtuse, spreading, minutely tomentose externally. Petals 6, broadly lanceolate, sub-acute, equal in length to the calyx- teeth, villous on the inner surface. Stamens 2 in front of each petal; the filaments glabrous rising from a small bulb, Ovary hairy. Styles 5, short, sub-erect.
Perak ; King’s Collector 4286, 7109.
3. Homatium Propinguum, C. B, Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. II, 597. A tree 60-80 or even 120, feet in height; young branches pale brown when dry, puberulous. eaves coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, obtuse, or shortly acuminate, more or less narrowed and sometimes slightly oblique at the base, the edges undulate- or undulate-crenate ; both surfaces glabrous, the midrib alone sometimes puberulous beneath ; main nerves 9-1] pairs, curved, spreading, prominent beneath when dry ; length 4-7 in., breadth 2°25-3°5 in.; petiole ‘25-35 in. Racemes 4-12 in, long, clustered and sometimes panicled at the apices of the branches, covered with soft pale tomentum., lowers *2in, in diam., 6 or 7-fid, in close clusters and on pedicels *15 in. long. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped ; its segments longer than the petals, subspathulate. Stamens twice as many as the petals, all bearing anthers. Fruit unknown, H. longifolium, (in part) Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, 35. Blackwellia propinqua, Wall. Cat. 4898. B. spiralis, Wall. Cat. 4897A.
PenanG; Porter, Curtis 1592. Purak; King’s Collector 3748, 3935, 4883, 7936. Matuacca; Grifith; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 664.
4, Homantom Grirriratanum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengl, XL, Pt, Il, (for 1877), 57. A tree 30-40 feet high, the young parts softly tawny-pubescent. eaves membranous, obovate-oblong, shortly and bluntly apiculate, slightly narrowed to the rounded or minutely sub- cordate base, the edges subentire to coarsely crenate; both surfaces sparsely pubescent, tomentose or densely pubescent on the midrib and 7-9 pairs of spreading little curved not prominent main nerves; length 2°75-5 in., breadth 1°65-2'5 in.; petiole ‘2-"4 in., pubescent, Racemes solitary, one and a half times as long as the leaves, softly tawny-tomentose; the glomeruli few-flowered, not crowded together. Flowers °35 in. in diam., densely villous in all parts. Oalya-tube conical
22 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No, 1,
expanding into a wide mouth ; the teeth 10, linear. Petals oblanceolate or spathulate, broader and longer than the sepals. Stamens 2 in front of each petal, glabrous. Ovary short, crowned by 5 short slightly spread- ing styles, glabrous towards the apex. Fruit unknown. Kurz For, Flora Burma, II, 531; Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. II, 597. H. feetidum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, 37 (in part). Blackwellia dasyantha, Turez, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. Vol. XXXVI (J863), 610. Blackwellia spec., Griff. Notule IV, 584.
KepaH; Curtis 2506. Trane; King’s Collector 1393. Disrrtre. Tenasserim.
Kurz describes the calyx-lobes and petals as 6 each, and in that he is quite wrong; for dissection of Griffith’s specimen (which is the type of the Species) shows 10 of each. Although the structure of the flowers is the same in the gatherings of this plant from Burma, Kedah and Trang, there is considerable difference as to the amount of hair on the leaves and also as to theiredges. The Burmese specimens are rather obscurely crenate except when very young; the Kedah plant has its adult leaves boldly crenate and minutely pubescent on th@lower surface and glabrescent on the upper (except the midrib and main nerves) ; while the Trang specimens are glabrescent on both surfaces, with the exception of the nerves and midrib. The flowers of the Trang plant are moreover slightly larger than those either from Kedah or Tenasserim.
5. HomatiuM FRUTESCENS, King. A tree 20-30 feet high ; young branches slender, pale when dry, glabrous, striate. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to elliptic, shortly acuminate, tapering slightly to the base; main nerves 7 or8 pairs, curving upwards, prominent beneath; both surfaces glabrous, minutely reticulate, the lower pale-brown and the upper olivaceous when dry; length 3-5 in, breadth 1:75-2-25 (rarely 2°75 in.), petiole ‘lin. acemes axillary, sometimes with 2 or 3 branches, about as long as the leaves or sometimes longer, the rachis puberulous ; the flowers numerous but not crowded, in pairs or solitary, about ‘25in. long, and ‘] in. or*l5 diam. at the mouth; the pedicel under ‘lin. in length. Calyx narrowly cylindric-conic, boldly ridged; teeth 6, lanceolate, acute, erect. Petals larger than the petals, oblong- lanceolate, pubescent on both surfaces but especially on the upper. Stamens 4 opposite each petal and slightly exceeding it in length, glabrous. Ovary hairy, elongate; styles 5, as long as the stamens, cylindric, erect, Fruit unknown. Blackwellia longiflora, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 715. B. caryophyllacea, Zoll. et Moritz. Syst. Verz. 33; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1, c. 715; Homalium caryophyllacewm, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, 38. Cordylanthus frutescens, Blume Mus. Bot. Ludg, Bat. LH, 27, fig. II. Homalium cordylanthus, Benth. in Journ, Linn. Soc. IV, 38.
Setancor ; Jiidley 1902. Jonore; Ridley 4050, 4182. Pura; King’s Collector, 776, 777, 784, 5246, 7040, 10471, 10237, 10102, 10996.
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 23
The flower of this is excellently figured by Blume in his Mus. Bot. as quoted above. Flowers however of a slightly different shape are found in some specimens. In these the calyx-tube is funnel-shaped and less cylindric, and the petals are more spreading. These are associated usually-with larger leaves, more broadly elliptic in shape; and at one time I was of opinion that they might belong to a different species. But the examination of nearly a hundred specimens of the two forms as collected in Perak has convinced that they are not specifically separable. Blume describes the plant as a shrub, but in Perak it is always a small tree. Miquel’s Homalium obovale from Sumatra (Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 334) comes very near this, and perhaps is not distinct.
6. HoMALIUM UNDULATUM, n. spec. King. A tree 40-60 feet high ; young branches slender, pale-brown, minutely lenticellate. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic, shortly and bluntly acuminate, slightly narrowed and sometimes unequal at the base, the edges undulate- crenate ; both surfaces glabrous and minutely reticulate when dry, the upper shining, the lower dull; length 3-4 in., breadth 1°75-2 in., petiole ‘2-25 in. Inflorescence consisting of a terminal panicle twice as long as the leaves and of afew solitary racemes from the upper leaf-axils, many-flowered, the ‘rachises covered by minute rather sparse pale tomentum. lowers ‘6 or*7 in. in diam., lax; their pedicels slender, tomentose, ‘4. in. long. Calya-tube widely funnel-shaped, very slightly ridged, minutely tomentose; teeth 5, lanceolate, tomentose on both surfaces like the tube. Petals 5, much longer than the sepals, obovoid, blunt, clawed at the base, reticulate, tomentose. Stamens shorter than the sepals and much shorter than the petals, 4 in front of each petal, glabrous. Ovary hairy, crowned by 3 narrowly conical spreading hairy styles, Fruit unknown.
Purak ; [King’s Collector 7064, 8184.
7. HoMALIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, 37, A tree 30-40 feet high ; young branches rather stout, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, narrowed near the petiole, the edges revolute and obscurely crenulate; both surfaces minutely reticulate when dry, and the upper very shining, the lower somewhat duller; main nerves 9-12 pairs, ascending, only slightly curved; length 3°5-6°5 in., breadth 1°75-3°25 im.; petiole ‘2-'3 in., stout. Injlorescence consisting of terminal few-branched panicles and of solitary axillary racemes with tomentose rachises. Flowers numerous but not crowded, solitary, uot in glomerul, °75 in. in diam. ; the pedicels ‘2 in. long, tomentose. Calywx-tube short, hemispheric ; teeth 7-9, spathu- late-oblong, spreading, enlarged often flowering. Petals lanceolate, shorter than the calyx-teeth; the glands alternating with the petals, large. Stamens 7-12 opposite each petal; the filaments subulate, sparsely pilose. Ovary free or nearly so, 6-7-ridged, tomentose, conical; styles
24 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
6 or 7, short, glabrous, erect. Fruit unknown. Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. II, 598. Pierrea dictyoneura, Hancein Trimen’s Journ. Bot. for 1877, 339- Matacca; Griffith. Perak; Scortechini, Sincaporn; Ridley 6527. Gulf of Siam; Hance. Distris. Tenasserim. An examination of flowers of his Pierrea dictyoneuwra, sent to me by the late Dr. Hance, proves that that plant is a species of Homaliwm with larger flowers and more stamens than usual.
Order LIT. CUCURBITACE A,
Climbing herbs or shrubs; tendrils solitary, lateral, spiral, simple or divided. Leaves alternate, petioled, frequently cordate, simple, lobed or pedately divided. Flowers moncecious or dicecious, yellow or white, racemed and solitary, less commonly panicled. Calyx-tube wholly adnate to the ovary; limb rotate, campanulate, or tubular; lobes 5 (rarely 3), imbricate. Petals 5, inserted on the calyx-limb, united in a tube, or nearly or quite free, sometimes fimbriated at the margin, valvate or involute in the bud. Stamens inserted at the mouth or about the middle or at the base of the calyx-tube, usually 3 (sometimes 5 or 2), anthers free or united into a tube, one usually 1-celled and the other two 2-celled, cells straight or flexuose or conduplicate, the connective sometimes crested or produced. Ovary inferior, usually 3-carpellary ; style 1 with 3 stigmas, more rarely styles 2-3-4; placentas usually 3, vertical, in double lines, the edges of the carpellary leaves being often turned in so far that the ovary (even before fertilization) is spuriously 3-celled; ovules usually many, horizontal, rarely pendulous, sometimes few and pendulous from near the top of the ovary. Fruit generally berried or fleshy, indehiscent or dehiscing by valves or by a circum- scissile lid, often 1-celled, the seeds being often packed in pulp or fibre. Seeds usually many, often compressed, horizontal, pendulous, fre- quently corrugated or sub-spinose on the margins, albumen 0, Dzsrris. Species 600, in the warmer parts of the whole globe especially in the tropics.
Tribe I, CucuMERINEM. Ovules horizontal ; female flowers solitary, never panicled ; stamens 3, rarely 2 or 5, free or variously connate ; cells of anthers straight, curved or flexnous; ovary bearing 3 (rarely 2 or 5) placentas :— Anther-cells conduplicate or sigmoid; corolla rotate or
campanulate, divided to the base :— Petals cirrhiferous or fimbriate :—
Seeds only 6, perfect, very large Vr Hopesonia. Seeds numerous, testa not fibrous oa .. 2. TRICHOSANTHES. Petals entire :— Calyx-tube of male flower elongate; the anthers in- cluded in the tube, cohering, sessile or subsessile, tendrils usually simple des vee .. 3 GYMNOPETALUM,
—_
1898.] G, King— Materials for a Flora of the Maluyan Peninsula. 29
Calyx-tube of male flower short; anthers usually exserted or sub-exserted, free or slightly coherent :— Stamens inserted near the mouth of the calyx- tube ; the anthers cohering slightly :— Male flowers in racemes or clusters; fruit more or less fibrous, dehiscing by a _ transverse lid near the apex; tendrils 2—5-fid .. 4. Lurra. Male and female flowers solitary; fruit not fibrous, very fleshy, indehiscent ; tendrils 2-fid 5. BrNINcASA. Stamens inserted below the mouth of the calyx- tube; anthers more or less cohering; male flowers in racemes, usually bracteate; tendrils
simple We 6. Momorpica. Anther-cells straight, the abhdetis sass the fruit on a slender pedicel F .. 7. MELOTHRIA.
Tribe II. GyNostEMMER. Ovules Baccarat ; nee ne in panicles; stamens 3-5, anther-cells straight, filaments connate near the base ; ovary 3-celled and with 3 placentas, fruit indehiscent es: ... 8. GYNOSTEMMA. Tribe III. Zanonrm. Ovules Bedi canis flowers in _panicles or racemes; stamens 5, free, anthers straight ; ovary with 3 placentas; fruit cylindric or clavate, dry, 1-celled, dehiscence circumscissile ; seeds winged :— Calyx-lobes 3, seeds winged all round ana «» 9. ZANONIA. Calyx-lobes 5, seeds winged at the apex only ... LO. ALSOMITRA.
1. Hopesonra, H. f. & T.
A large climber. Leaves coriaceous, 3-5-lobed, long-petioled ; tendrils 2-3-fid. lowers large, dicecious ; males in long racemes ; bracts oblong, entire, deciduous; females solitary. Male-calyx long-tubular, with a shortly campanulate mouth and 5 short teeth; petals 5, connate at the base, very long-fimbriate; stamens 3, filaments very short ; anthers exserted, connate, linear, one l-celled, two 2-celled, cells condu- plicate. Female calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary globose, l-celled; style long; stigmas 3, oblong, bifid, exserted; placentas 3, parietal, near the base of the ovary, 2-ovulate oneach side. Prutt. large, depressed-globular, 12-grooved, flesh hard; perfect seeds usually six, each having a smaller, commonly barren one, attached to its side, flat-ellipsoid, with sunk veins.
Hopesonia HereRocLITA, Hook. fil. and Thoms. in Proc. Linn. Soc. II, 257. Stem very long, often reaching 80 or 100 feet. Leaves palmate,
somewhat cordate at the base; the lobes entire, rarely slightly denti-
culate, acute; both surfaces glabrous, minutely reticulate when dry,
6-10 in, long and as broad, the petioles 2 or 3 in. long. Male racemes
about as long as the leaves; bracts solitary, oblong, acute, *o in. long,
Calyx rusty-tomentose externally, the tube 3 or 4 in. long, with a gland J. U1. 4
26 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
on each tooth of the mouth. Petals sub-obcordate, retuse, about 2 in. long, covered with brown hairs and 3-nerved externally ; the inner surface white, the margins fringed with very long spiral villous yellow threads. Filaments clavate, anthers forming an inverted cone; pistil 0. Female flowers often on a separate plant; their peduncles 1 or 2 in. long, occasionally in a raceme much shorter than those of the males; stamens 0. Fruit turbinate, 4-10in. in diam., and less from base to apex, covered with short reddish-brown tomentum. Seeds 2-3 in. long, and 1°5-2°25 in. broad. Hook, fil. Ill. Himal. Pl. tt, 1, 2, 3; Flor. des Serres, t. 1262, 3; Clarke in Hook, fil. Flor. Br, Ind. II, 606. Hodgsonia macrocarpa, Cogn. in DC. Mon, Phan. III, 349. Trichosan- thes macrocarpa, Bl. Bijdr. 935; Ser. in DC. Prodr. II, 315; Miq. * Flor. Ind, Bat. I, Pt. II, 676. J, hexasperma, Bl. Bide: 19555" De: Prodr. III, 315; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 192; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. c, 678. T. heteroclita, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 70; Fl. Ind. III, 705; Wall. Cat. 6684. T. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 6685 (not of Blume).
Perak; Scortechini, Wray, King’s Collector. Matacca; Maingay. Prnanc; Wallich. Distris. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Burma, Assam, and the base of the Hastern Himalaya.
The earliest name of this species was Roxburgh’s (7. heteroclita), published in the Hortus Bengalensis in 1814. Blume’s name TJ. macrocarpa dates from 1826,
2. TricHosantHes, Linn.
Scandent herbs. Leaves entire or 3-9-lobed, denticulate ; tendrils usually 2—5-fid. lowers dicecious or occasionally moneecious, white ; male peduncles usually in axillary pairs, one 1-flowered caducous, the other racemose ; bracts large or small or 0; female flower solitary. Male- calyx long-tubular; teeth 5, lanceolate, entire serrate or laciniate. Corolla 5-fid nearly to the base, lobes long-fimbriate; stamens 3; anthers almost included, connate (free in 7’. dioica), long-linear, one l-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate, Female calyx and corolla as in the male. Ovary inferior, at the base of the calyx-tube, 1-celled; style filiform, 3-or 6-fid at the apex; placentas 3, parietal ; ovules very many, horizontal, half-pendulous. J’rwit lanceolate or globose, smooth, acute or obtuse at the apex. Seeds many, horizontal, packed in pulp, compressed, ellipsoid, sometimes angular on the margin. Disrris. Species 38, in South-Hast Asia, extending through Malaya to North Austraiia, also through China to Japan.
Leaves, although often deeply lobed, always simple :— Male inflorescence ebracteate ... a wees oL.) DP. cucumerina. Male inflorescence bracteate :—
Bracts linear-oblong or narrowly rhomboid, quite entire . eve ai oe we 27, Hearn
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Maluyan Peninsula. 27
Bracts small ovate-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate,
obscurely dentate, leaves quite smooth and glab-
rous on both surfaces ex . 38. TT. tricuspidata. Bracts very large, ovate to sub- oeincalne, ieente
incised or simply serrate; calyx-teeth lanceolate;
fruit usually globular, rarely ovate... - 4 TT. palmata. Bracts rather large, oblong-ovate, laciniate; calyx- teeth spreading, entire; fruit always ellipsoid ... 5. TT, Wallichiana.
Leaves usually trifoliolate, but sometimes simple on the.
same or different plants; leaflets membranous, unequal,
much acuminate, the edges undulate-dentate: bracts of
male inflorescence small, oblong, their edges with a few
long distant teeth bu ow 6. PF. Wawrei.
Leaves always trifoliolate ; tail ote coriaceous, hah bet and
bluntly apiculate or subacute, the edges quite entire ;
bracts of male inflorescence deltoid, their edges pectinate 7. T. celebtca.
1. TRiIcHOSANTHES cUCUMERINA, Linn. Sp, Pl. Ed.1,1008. Stems slender, angled, puberulous. Leaves membranous, orbicular-reniform to broadly ovate in general outline; the edges remotely denticulate, often more or less deeply 3-5 or 7-lobed; the lobes broad with acute but not acuminate apices and often sinuate margins, the base deeply cordate, the sinus often sub-rectangular ; upper surface sparsely pubescent or sub-glabrous, the lower deciduously pubescent at first, ultimately sub- scabrid; length 2-4 in. and breadth about the same; petiole 1-2 in., pubescent ; tendrils slender, sulcate, puberulous, 2—3-fid. Male peduncles rather longer than the leaves, pubescent, bearing a few flowers towards the apex, ebracteate. Flowers ‘5-1 in. in diam. at the mouth; the tube 2 or 3 times longer, cylindric, a solitary male flower sometimes from the same axil as the peduncle. Female flower on a peduncle ‘5 in. long, fruit 1-3 in. long, narrowly ovoid, the apex conical, red when ripe; seeds half ellipsoid, compressed, corrugated. Lour. Flor. Cochchin, 588; Ser.in DC. Prodr. IIT, 315; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 70; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 720; Wall. Cat. 6690 A, B, C, D, F; Blume Bijd. 933; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 102; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 676; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, XVIII, 191; Kurzin Journ. As. Soe. 1877, Pt. II, 98; W. & A. Prodr. 350; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 676; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 126; Benth. Flor. Austral. III, 314; Clarke in Hook, fil. Flor. Br, Ind. IT, 609; Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 358, T. laciniosa, Klein in Herb. Rottler. 1’. pilosa, Wall. Cat, 6691. Bryonia wmbellata, Wall. Cat. 6700 D. Cucumis Missionis, Wall. Cat. 6728.
Perak; King’s Collector 5622, Disrris. Malayan Archipelago; British India.
The Perak plant has larger flowers than any Indian specimen, and I refer it to T, cucumerina with some hesitation,
28 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
2. 2? TricnosantHrs Hearni, F. Mull. in Benth. Flor. Austral. III, 315. Stem slender, glabrous, sulcate. Leaves membranous, broadly ovate, the apex acute or acuminate, the base deeply and widely cordate ; the edges rather remotely denticulate, sometimes remotely sinuate-lobed ; the upper surface glabrous and shining, the lower densely and minutely pubescent, the nerves, subglabrous and stout; length 4-8 in., breadth 3°5-6 in., petiole 1-1°75 in, Male peduncles often in pairs, axillary, longer than the leaves, slender, puberulous, angled ; floriferous in the upper half; bracts linear-oblong, entire, about °25 in. long; several of the lower ones narrowly rhomboid, all pubescent, flowers under 1] in. in diam. at the mouth; calyx-tube cylindric, the mouth narrowly infundi- buliform, puberulous; the lobes of the mouth narrow, acute. Female flower and fruit unknown.
Anpamans; Kurz, King’s Collector.
The late Mr. Kurz collected a single specimen of this on Rutland island (in the Andaman group) many years ago, and he referred it in the Calcutta Herbarium to Trichosanthes reniformis, Miq. He also suggested for it the name Trichosanthes herpetospermum,—-a name which he never published. In 1890 several specimens of the plant were collected near Port Mowat, on the Sonth Andaman. Specimens of this second gathering, as well as of Kurz’s original gathering, were sent by me to Mr. C. B. Clarke who found that they closely resemble, and are probably identical with, T. Hearni, an Australian species named by the late Baron von Miiller, and of which an imperfect description was published by Mr. Bentham in his Flora of Australia. And to this species I now doubtfully refer both the Andaman gatherings.
3. TRICHOSANTHES TRICUSPIDATA, Lour, Flor. Cochinchin. IJ, 723. Stem stout, sulcate, smooth, glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate- sub-triangular, with from 38-5 stout triangular broad, acute or acumi- nate, spreading lobes, the base broadly cordate, the edges remctely and minutely denticulate or subentire, glabrous on both surfaces; length and breadth 3-5 in.; petiole slender, 1-1‘5 in.; tendrils 3-fid. Male peduncles floriferous for half their length, longer than the leaves, stout, glabrous or puberulous, 10-20 flowered; bracts ‘thick, rigid, ovate- lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, obscurely dentate or entire; calyx-tube tapering to the base, shortly but densely tomentose, the lobes caudate- lanceolate with a few irregular distant teeth; corolla 1°5 in. in diam. Female flower from the same axil as the male peduncle, the tube 1°5 in. long, the corolla °75 in. in diam. ; fruit ovoid when young, subglobular and 2 in. in diam. when ripe, smooth, yellow with numerous small black pustules, the pulp thick; the seeds in the very centre, broadly ovate, compressed, *5 in. long and ‘4 in. broad. Blume Bijdr. 935; Ser. in DC. Prodr. ITI, 315; Roem, Syn., fasc. II, 95; Mig, Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 676; Cogniaux in DC. Mon. Phan. IIT, 374.
_ Penane; Curtis 1947. Perak; Scortechini 376; King’s Collector 2202, 5111; Wray 4029.
1898.| G. King— Materials for a Flora'of the Malayan Peninsula. 29
This resembles T. palmata, Roxb. and T. Wallichiana, Wight; but the lobes of the leaves are shallower and their surfaces more glabrous and not at all scabrid, while the bracts of the male inflorescence are much narrower and very acuminate ; and their edges, instead of being laciniate, are entire or at most obscurely dentate.
4, TRICHOSANTHES PALMATA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) p. 70. Stem stout, angled and sulcate, glabrous, Leaves thickly membranous, broadly ovate or orbicular in general outline, deeply cut down to about the middle into 3-7 lobes; the lobes acute or acuminate, their edges entire or denticulate, the base deeply but usually narrowly cordate; upper surface more or less scabrous or scabrid, glabrous, glan- dular near the apex of the petiole, the lower glabrous or somewhat pubescent, length and breadth 2-6 in. ; petiole rather slender, 1 to 3 in. long; tendrils 2- or 3-fid. Male racemes sometimes in pairs, longer than the leaves, few-flowered; bracts large, ovate to sub-orbicular, deeply incised or simply serrate, glabrous or with viscid hairs; calyx-tube 1°5 in. long, tomentose or glabrous, the teeth lanceolate, the edges deeply serrate or laciniate. Female flower solitary, on a peduncle less than 1 in. long ; fruit ovoid, pointed when young, globular when ripe, 1*5-2 in. in diam. T. palmata, Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 704; Wall. Cat. 6688 (excl. C, F); W. & A. Prodr. 350 ; Wight Ill. t. 104, 105; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 103. 1. laciniosa, Wall. Cat. 6689 A,B. T. aspera, Heyne in Herb. Rottler. 1. tricuspis, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 679. T. cordata, Wall, Cat. 6686 (excl. A and B). TT. anguina, Wall. Cat. 6687 (F partly) ; Voigt Hort. Bot. Sub. 58. TT. bracteata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1877, Pt. II, 99; Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 375, T. pubera, Blume Bijdr. 936; Ser. in DC. Prodr. III, 315; Roem. Syn, fase. II, 95; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 675. Cucurbita Melopepo, Wall. Cat. 6725. Involucraria Wallichit, Seringe in DC. Prodr. III, 318. Bryonia palmata, Wall. Cat. 6711 F.
Perak; Wray 2181, 2371, 2478, 3049 ; King’s Collector 1848, 4983, 10579. Anpamans ; King’s Collector.
The fruit when ripe is usually globular ; but there are specimens in the Calcutta Herbarium which have oval fruit like T. Wallichiana, Wight, and at the same time the scabrid leaves and laciniate calyx lobes which are supposed to be characteristic of this species.
5. TrichosanrHes Watiicuiana, Wight in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. VIII, 70. Stem robust, angled and sulcate, glabrous. Leaves membranous, sub-orbicular in general outline, divided half-way down or more into 3-5 oblong or triangular acute lobes ; the lobes sparsely denti- culate, the lower on each side sometimes lobulate, the base deeply and widely cordate; both surfaces glabrous and usually smooth, the upper sometimes slightly scabrid and with a few glands near the apex of the petiole; length and breadth 3-7 inches, tendrils 3-fid. Male
30 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. {[No. 1,
peduncles at first shorter than the leaves, elongating with age; bracts oblong-ovate, their edges laciniate; calyx-tube glabrous, the teeth spreading, entire; petals obovate, laciniate. Female flower solitary ; fruit ellipsoid, obtuse, smooth, 2-4 in. long. Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan, III, 368. Involucraria Wallichiana, Ser. in Mem. Hist. Nat. Geneve III, Pt. I, 25 t. 5; in DC: Prodr. III, 318; Roem. Syn. fasc. 2, Speees, Trichosanthes multiloba, Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. IT, 607 (not of Mig.). TT. grandibracteata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, 98, 99.
PaHaneG ; Ridley 244. Sincarore; Ridley 296, 446, 4762. Prnane ; Curtis 2004. Perak; Scortechint 508 and 600. .
A species scarcely separable from T. pubera, Bl., of which in my opinion it would better be treated as a variety.
6. TricHosantHes Wawr2zt, Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. ITI, 384, Stem slender, sub-glabrous, sulcate. Leaves membranous, trifoliolate or simple; leaflets of the trifoliolate form unequal, the middle one oblanceolate, the lateral ones angularly auriculate or lobulate at the base on the outer side, the edges of all subentire or sparsely denticulate and the apices much acuminate, all with slender petiolules -25-—3 in, long; the lower surface reticulate when dry, glabrous, the upper sparsely and minutely pustulate and glabrous; length of the leaflets 2°5-5 in., breadth °75-1'5 in., petiole 1:°25-2 in.; the simple form triangular-oblong, tapering gradually to the apex, the base with 2 short sub-horizontal lobules, length 2°5-5 in.; tendrils short, simple or bifid. Male peduncles shorter than the leaves, very stout, sulcate, glabrous, many-flowered ; bracts small, oblong, their edges with a few long teeth, the flowers extending for half their length; calyx °5 in. long, narrowly campanulate, suddenly contracted into the tube, the teeth erecto- patent or recurved, lanceolate, acuminate, entire. Female flower with cylindric tube slightly dilated at the apex, the teeth as in the male; petals white, yellowish at the base, oblong, 3-nerved, the fimbriz long, the external surface minutely papillose ; ovary, glabrous, ovoid-oblong ; fruit subglobular when young, oblong when ripe, smooth, red with orange or white stripes ; seeds compressed, oblong-ovoid, ‘6 in. long.
Perak; King’s Collector 2203, 4519, 4668, 5380, 5405, 10176. Wray 2382; Scortechint. (SincApoRE; Wawra 241 in Herb. Vindob. fide Cogniaux.)
Cogniaux describes this as having its leaves always trifoliolate. But in some of the Perak specimens both trifoliolate and simple leaves as above described are to be found; in a few only simple leaves, and in the majority only trifoliolate.
7. TricHosANTHES CELEBICA, Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 385, Stem slender, glabrous, sulcate, sometimes hairy at the nodes. Leaves coriaceous, trifoliolate; the leaflets unequal in size, the middle one
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 31
the largest, ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate or sub-acute; the base slightly narrowed, oblique, not cordate, the edges quite entire; both surfaces glabrous, minutely reticulate when dry, the upper minutely punctate ; length of leaflets 3-4'5 in., breadth 1°5-2°5 in. ; petiole 1-1°5 in. long, stout; petiolules *15 in. ; tendrils short, bifid. Male peduncle shorter than or equal to the leaves, stout, deeply sulcate, adpressed- pubescent, floriferous for half its length; bracts deltoid, pectinate, tawny glandular-tomentose. Calya-tube narrowly infundibuliform, minutely pubescent; the teeth lanceolate, acuminate, entire, erecto- patent. Female flower unknown. Fruit ovate, smooth, 8 in. long and 3 or 4 in. in diam. with a leathery rind, bright red with 10 yellow stripes when ripe; seeds obliquely oblong, compressed, smooth, ‘6 in. long and ‘4 in. broad.
Perak; Wray 2460; Scortechini; King’s Collector 4033. Srnea- PORE; Ridley 2051, 4592, 6783; Hullett 247. Disrris. Celebes, Beccari.
3. GYMNoPETALUM, Arn.
Twining herbs, tendrils usually simple or 2-fid. Leaves petioled, 5-angular, nearly entire or deeply lobed, Flowers white (or yellow ?), somewhat large; occasionally moncecious; male peduncles in fully developed plants 2 from each axil, the earlier 1-flowered, the later longer with racemes, either often suppressed; bracts on the racemes persistent, large, lanceolate, incised or small ; females 1-flowered, usually in separate axils. Male calyx-tube long, contracted near the mouth, limb of 5 lanceolate segments ; petals 5, not fimbriate on the margin; stamens 3; anthers included, connate, elongate, 1-2-celled, cells conduplicate ; rudiments of the ovary 1 or 3, small, linear. Female calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary oblong; style long, stigmas 3, short linear; ovules horizontal, many ; placentas 3, long, vertical. Fruit ovate-oblong, acute at both ends. Seeds many or few, ellipsoid, com- pressed, margined, nearly smooth. Dusrris. Species 6; in India, China and Malaya. |
Leaves not lobed ... cag = we Ll. G. integrifolium. Leaves lobed :— Leaves 3-5-lobed half way down, reniform to trian- gular in general outline; lobes triangular acute, not
lobulate ie ada des we 2. G. Cochinchinensis. Leaves deeply 5-lobed, the lobes lobulate-sinuate,
blunt, their general outline orbicular ... we 3 G. quinqueloculare.
1. GYMNOPETALUM INTEGRIFOLIUM, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL, 58. Creeping, only a few feet long; stem scabrid, tendrils simple or bifid. Leaves reniform, obtuse; the margin undulate or denticulate, not lobed; upper surface very scabrid, the lower softly tomentose,
32 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
length 1°75-2 in., breadth *8-2°25 in., petiole ‘45-65 in. Flowers mone- cious, all solitary, axillary and bracteate, the male peduncle 1°5 in. long, the female only ‘25 in. Calyz-tube in both sexes elongate, densely covered with long brown hairs; the teeth 5, lanceolate; corolla white, about 1:35 in. in diam., its lobes obovate, entire, pubescent, veined. Fruit about ‘75 im. in diam., globular, smooth, orange-red. Kurz in Flora for 1871, p. 295; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 612. Cucumis integri folius, Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 724; Wall. Cat. 6730. Trichosanthes officinalis, Wall. Cat, 6694. T. integrifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. II, 99; Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. ITI, 386.
Perak; Wray 2167; Ridley 3107.
Kurz named this Gymnopetalium integrifolium in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal which was issued in March 1871. His publication of it in Flora dates only from October of the same year.
2. GymnopeTaLUM COocHINCHINENSIS, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. II, 57. Stems slender, angled, slightly scabrid-hairy. Leaves reniform to triangular in outline, 5-angled or 3-5-lobed half way down; the lobes triangular, acute, the edges crenate-dentate and thickened, the base deeply and widely cordate, both surfaces more or less scabrid, length 2 to 4 in., breadth 2 to 3°5 in.; petiole scabrid- pubescent, 1-1°5 in. long; tendrils simple or bifid. Male peduncle longer than the leaves, the flowers racemose, or sometimes solitary ; bracts large, incised-serrate, *5-"75 in. long; calyx-tube sub-cylindric, villous, the mouth closed by deflexed hairs, the teeth erecto-patent ; petals ovate-oblong, ‘5 in. long, entire or sub-crenate. Peduncle of female flower shorter than the leaf-petiole, sparsely puberulous ; fruct about 2 in. long. and *75 in. in diam., somewhat scabrid, 10-ribbed, orange-red, the beak long; seeds about ‘25 in. long. Kurz in Flora for 1871, p. 295; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 611; Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 391. Bryonia cochinchinensis, Lour. Flor. Cochinch. 595; DC, Prodr. III, 305. Momordica tubiflora, Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 711, (not of Wallich). Zripodanthera cochinchinensis. Roem. Synops. II, 48. Scotanthus tubiflorus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, XVI. 172, t. 3. Trichosanthes cucumerina, Wall. Cat. 6690 EH. T.? Fatoa, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6695. Bryonia grandis, Wall. Cat. 6700 K. L. Trichosanthes costata, Bl. Bijdr. 933; Ser. in DC. Prodr. III, 314.
Panane; Ridley 2446. Kepan ; Curtis 2592, Perak; King’s Col- lector 10563. Distris. British India, Malayan Archipelago, China.
3. GYMNOPETALUM QUINQUELOBUM, Miq. in Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 681. A slender annual; stem striate, with short pubescence or glabrous. Leaves orbicular in general outline, deeply 5-lobed ; the lobes sinuately 2- or 3-lobulate, or oblong and subentire; both surfaces sparsely covered with thick whitish hairs with bulbous bases; length
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 33
1°5-2°25 in., breadth 1°75-3 in.; petiole *75-1 in., sparsely pubescent. Male flowers usually solitary, rarely in racemes slightly longer than the leaves, shortly pilose; the bracts oblong, serrate, ‘5 in. long. Calyzx- _ teeth erect, entire or dentate; petals oblong, acute, puberulous outside. Peduncle of female flower *5-1 in. long. Fruit brilliant scarlet when ripe, oblong-fusiform, acutely ribbed, shortly pubescent, 1°5-2 in. long; seeds blackish, rugulose, obscurely marginate, narrowed to the base, *2 in. long and about ‘1 in. broad. Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 611; Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 392. Scotanthus Porteanus, Naud. in Ann. Sc, Nat. Ser. V, Vol. 5, 25. Gymnopetalum hetero- phyllum, Kurz in Trim. Journ. Bot. for 1875, p. 326. ANDAMAN AND Nicopar Istanps; Kurz.
4, Lourra, Cav,
Climbers, large or small, pubescent or nearly glabrous; tendrils 2-5-fid. Leaves cordate, usually 5-angular or 5-lobed ; petiole without glands at its apex. lowers yellow or white, moncecious, males and females often from the same axil; females solitary or panicled, malés on long or short racemes or clustered, Mate; calyx-tube turbinate, lobes 5, triangular or lanceolate; petals 5, obovate; stamens 3, rarely 5, filaments 3, free or connate; anthers exserted, free, one l-celled, the others 2-celled; cells sigmoid, often on the margin of the broad con- nective. FEMALE; calyx-tube shortly produced above the ovary ; lobes and corolla as inthe male; ovary oblong, style cylindric, stigma 3-lobed ; ovules very many, horizontal, Frat large or small, oblong (not spherical), smooth or angular or spinous, ultimately fibrous, not succu- lent, 3-celled, usually circumscissile near the apex. Seeds many, oblong, compressed, Distrip, Species 6, in the warmer regions of the Old World and one in America.
Lurra Aleyprraca, Miller Gard. Dict. ed. VIII, ex Hook. fil. in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afr. I1, 530. Stem stout, many yards in length; the young branches glabrous, angled and very deeply sulcate; tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves large, reniform or reniform-orbicular in general outline, palmately 5-lobed ; the lobes acute, lobulate and denticulate; both sur- faces scabrous or scaberulous, punctate, glabrous except the pubescent nerves on the lower surface ; length 25-6 in., breadth 3-9 in., petiole 2-2°5 in., pubescent, eglandular. Male peduncle 6 in. long; the flowers 4-12, crowded near the summit, 1'5-2 in. in diam., their pedicels short, each with a small ovate viscid bract, or ebracteate; petals 5, yellow with green veins; stamens 5. Female flower solitary on a peduncle 1-3 in, long, usually from the same axil as the male inflorescence ; fruit 5-12 in, long, sub-cyliudric, with numerous bold ridges; seeds usually black,
J. ut. 5
34 G. Kinge— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. I,
narrowly winged, smooth or slightly tubercled. DC. Prodr. III, 3038 ; Clarke in Hook, fil, Flor, Brit, Ind. I, 614, Cucumis aegyptiacus, Vesl. in Alp. Pl. Aegypt. p. 199, t. 58, 59. Momordica Luffa, Linn. Spec. ed. 1, 1009. LL. pentandra, Roxb. Flor. Ind. IJ], 71/2; W.& A. Prodr 343; Wall. Cat. 6751; Wight Ic. t. 499. DZ. racemosu, Roxb: 1. ec. 715. I, clavata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 104; Flor. Ind. Il], 714. LZ. acutangula, W. & A. 1. ¢., (not of Roxb.). LZ. cylindrica, Roem. Synops. II, 63; Naud. in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. 4, XII, p..119; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, Pt. II, 100; Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 456. JL. Petola and L. Cattu-picinna, Seringe in DC. 1.c. ‘ZL. Parvala, Wall. Cat. 6758. LL. Gosa, hederacea and Satpatia, Wall. Cat. 6753, 6755, 6757. Bryon chetrophylla, Wall. Cat. 6715 A.
Pprak ; King’s Collector 1020. Duistris. British India and in the Tropics generally ; often cultivated.
The synonymy of this species occupies more than a page in Cogniaux’s excellent Monograph of the Cucurbitacex in De Candolle’s Suites aw Prodromus, Vol. III. I have followed Messrs. Cogniaux and C. B. Clarke in reducing here Roxburgh’s three species I, pentandra, L. racemosa and L. clavata, but I do so with considerable hesitation, Neither in flower nor leaf do Roxburgh’s figures of his D. clavata and L. pentandra much resemble each other, whatever relation either of them may bear to M. Aegyp- tiaca, Miller. The material of the Indian species in the Calcutta Herbarium is very unsatisfactory, and I do not think the last word on them will be said until they have been carefully cultivated side by side, and studied as they grow.
5. Bernitncasa, Savi.
A large climber, softly hairy, tendrils 2- or 3-fid, rarely simple: Leaves cordate, reniform-orbicular, more or less 5-lobed ; petiole without glands. lowers large, yellow, moncecious, all solitary, without bracts. Matt; calyx-tube campanulate; lobes 5, leaf-like, serrate; petals 95; nearly separate, obovate; stamens 3, inserted near the mouth of the tube; anthers exserted, free, one l-celled, two 2-celled, cells sigmoid. Frmae ; calyx and corollaas inthe male; ovary oblong, densely hairy ; style thick, with 3 flexuose stigmas; ovules numerous, horizontal ; placentas 3. Fruct large, fleshy, oblong, pubescent, indehiscent. Seeds many, oblong, compressed, margined.
Bunincasa HisPipaA, Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 513. Annual. Leaves on long petioles, reniform-rotund; with 5-9 small lobes, all toothed, 4-6 in, long and about the same in breadth ; petioles cylindric, longer than the leaves, tendrils usually 3-fid. Male flowers axillary, solitary, peduncled, yellow, 1°5 in. in diam.; teeth of the calyx ob- tusely pinnatifid or undulate. Female flowers like the male, axillary, solitary, peduncled ; calyx as in the male. Fruit sub-cylindric, obtuse at the ends, smooth, hairy when young but glabrous and with a whitish
‘1898.}: G. King+~Materials for a Flora of the Maliytin Peninsula. 35
bloom when ripe, 12-18 in. long and from 8-10 in. in diam. Seeds white with tumid margins, *5 in. long and ‘15 in. broad... Cucurbita hispida, Thunb. Flor. Jap. (1784), p. 322; Bl. Bijdr. 931; Wall. Cat. 6723. CO. Pepo, Lour. Flor. Coch.-Chin. p. 593; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 718 (not of Linn.). Benincasa cerifera, Savi in Bibl. Ital. TX, 159; DC, Prodr. Ill, 303; W. et Arn. Prodr. 344; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I; 665; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. IT, 616. Cucurbita villosa, Bl. Bijdr. 931; DC. Prodr. IfT, 317. C. farinosa, Bl. Bijdr. 931. Cucurbita alba, Roxb. in E. Ind. Comp. Mus., tab. 457 (ex W, et Arn.). Gymnopetalum septemlobum, Miq. Flor, Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 679. . Lagenaria dasystemon, Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I, 173:
Nicopar AND ANDAMAN IsLANDS; cultivated, King’s Collectors. Dts- Tris.—Malayan Archipelago, Australasia, China, Philippines, British India; cultivated.
6. Momorpica, Linn.
Climbing by simple tendrils. Leaves cordate, petioled, undivided in the Indian species. Flowers yellow or white, moncecious or dicecious, females solitary, peduncled; males solitary or racemed, bracteate or not. Mate; calyx-tube short, campanulate with 2-3 basal oblong incurved scales (ex Hook. f.) lobes 5; corolla 5-partite nearly to the base; stamens 3; filaments short; anthers at length free, one l-celled, one or two 2-celled, cells conduplicate or horse-shoe-shaped.. Famatn; calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary oblong; style long, stigmas 3; ovules very many; placentas 3, horizontal. Fruit oblong or spherical, rough or smooth, indehiscent or 3-valved, many- or few-seeded. Seeds obovate or complanate, smooth, corrugate or sculptured. Drsrris.—Species 25, chiefly in the warmer parts of Africa, several in Tropical Asia, a few in Tropical America. ;
Leaves entire :—
Male pedicels ebracteate .., .. 1. M. Clarkeana.
Male pedicels with a bract close to the ee .. 2, M. subangulata. Leaves 38-lobed, the lobules entire - .. & M. Cochinchinensis. Leaves 5-7-lobed, the lobules sinuate-dentate or lobe
late .. yas wa} ee, .. 4 MM. Charantia,
hi i hdeaativl CLARKEANA, n. spec. King. Stem slender, 4-angled, glabrous, 20-30 feet long. Leaves thinly membranous, broadly ovate, never lobed, acute, the base deeply cordate or emarginate, both surfaces quite glabrous ; length 3-5 in., breadth 3-4 in. ; petiole 1°5-2 in., slender, eglandular. Male flowers ‘75 in. in diam., on filiform pedicels several form a leaf-axil, or in few-flowered lax racemes; calyx-lobes puberulous, broad, obtuse, their margins membranous and glabrous; corolla deeply divided into 5 broad blunt lobes, puberulous.. Female flower unknown.
36 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Fruit vermillion when ripe, sub-globular, apiculate when young, glabrous; without ridges or papillae, 2-2°5 in. in diam.; seeds as in M. Cochinchinensts.
Pprak ; Scortechini 1605 ; King’s Collector 8340; Wray 3273.
This species is allied to M. Cochinchinensis and has seeds exactly alike those of that species. But the leaves of this are of thinner texture than those of M. Cochin- chinensis, and they are not lobed ; moreover the petiole in this is eglandular, and the fruit is quite free from ridges or papilla of any kind. I have named it in honour of my friend Mr. C.B. Clarke who believes with me that it is a hitherto undescribed species.
2. Momorvica supancuLata, Blume Bijdr. 928. Stem slender, glabrous, angled, sulcate, several feet lony; tendrils single. Leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate at the base, the apex acute, the edges with remote cartilaginous teeth; upper surface glabrous, the lower with sparse small adpressed hairs ; length 1°75-2:25 in., breadth 1:25- 165 in.; petiole 1 in, long, glabrous, eglandular. Male peduncle ‘5-1 in. long, pubescent; the bract close to the flower broader than long, its apex obtuse, its base cordate, minutely pubescent, the veins prominent; flower nearly 1 in. in diam.; calyx deep purple; its lobes oblong, obtuse, glandular, nearly ‘2 in. long; corolla yellow, partite to the base, the segments oblong. Female flower unknown; fruit ellipsoid, 2-3 in. long, obscurely ribbed, the ribs broken into joints. Ser. in DC. Prodr. III, 316; Roem. Syn. fase. 2, p, 58; Mig. in Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt, I, 664; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. II, 102; Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 443.
Perak ; Scortechini 399. Distris. Java, Brit. India.
3. Momorpica Cocuin-Cuinensis, Spreng. Syst. Veg. III, 14. A powerful climber ascending tall trees; stem angled, glabrous. Leaves in general outline sub-orbicular or broadly ovate, the base cordate or emarginate, usually 3-lobed to the middle or below it (sometimes 5- lobed), the margins with sparse umbilicate glands, both surfaces glabrous, length 4-7 in., breadth nearly the same; petiole 2-3 in. long, glandular at the middle and upper part; tendrils long, stout, simple. Male peduncle 2-6 in. long with an orbicular-reniform cucullate bract at its apex embracing the flower-bud ; calyx-segments dark, coriaceous, hairy ; corolla 1°75-3 in. across, white tinged with yellowish, some of the petals with black spots at the base, others with yellow glands. Female peduncle 1-2 in. long, (longer in fruit), with a small bract about the middle. Frwt ovate, pointed at the apex, fleshy, bright red and covered with conical points but not ribbed; 4-5 in. long; seeds numerous, blackish, ovate, compressed, sculptured, the margins undulate- sub-lobulate, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 102; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 618; Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan, III, 444.
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula 37
M. mixta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 70; Flor. Ind. III, 709; Wight & Arn. Prodr. 349; Roem. Syn., fasc. 2, 59; Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 5145; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1, Pt. 1, 664; Naud. in Ann, Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, XII, 182. M. dioica, Wall. Cat. (not of Roxb.) 6750, Ato F. Muricia Cochin- chinensis, Lour. Flor. Coch.-Chin. 733; Ser. in DC, Prodr. III, 318.
Perak; Scortechini, King’s Collector, Wray; a common plant. Disrris.—British India, Malaya, Philippines.
4, Momorpica CuarantraA, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. I, p. 1009. Stem slender, branching, striate, pubescent, sometimes tomentose towards the apex, 3-6 feet long. Leaves reniform-orbicular in general outline, ]-3 in. in diam., deeply divided into 5-7 lobes ; the lobes sinuate-dentate or lobulate and mucronate, constricted at the base, glabrous or slightly pubescent; petiole 1-3 in.; the tendrils simple. Male peduncle slender, with a reniform or orbicular bract at or below the middle. Male flower °35-"75 in. in diam.; the calyx-lobes ovate, acute; corolla somewhat irregular, yellow, its segments obtuse or emarginate, anther cells much bent. Female peduncle 2-4 in. long, slender, bracteate near the base ; ovary fusiform, muricate. Fruit 1-3 in. long, ovoid, tapering to both ends, many-ribbed and bearing numerous triangular tubercles. Seeds compressed, sometimes almost 3-toothed, the margins corrugated, the sides sculptured. Lour. Flor. Cochchin. IT, p. 598; Bot. Mag. t. 2455; Ser. in DC. Prodr. III, 311; Roxb. Flor. Ind, III, 707; Wight and Arn. Prodr. 348 ; Torr. and Gray Flor. N. Amer. I, 543; Wight Ic. tab. 504; Wight Ill. t. 105 t2s; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 663; Cogn. in Mart. Flor. Bras., fase. 78, p. 14; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 616. Cogn. in DC, Mon. Phan. III, 436. M. muricata, Willd. Spec. IV, 602; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 707; W. & A. Prodr. 348; Mig. Flor, Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 663. M. humilis, Wall. Cat. 6747. M. anthelmintica, Schum. et Thou. Flor. Guin. 423. M. Rowxburghiana, Don Gen. Syst. Gard. III, 35. M. macropetala, Mart. in Hook. Journ. Bot. V, 504.
Perak; Scortechini. Disrris. Malayan Archipelago, British India, China, Tropical Africa and America.
7. Meorueta, Linn.
Climbing herbs ; tendrils simple or 2-fid. Leaves petioled, deltoid, truncate or hastate, entire or deeply 3-lobed, little hairy, often punctate. Flowers small, white, usually moncecious, males and females often from the same axil ; male pedicels long, clustered (rarely sub-solitary) in the axils, or clustered on long racemes resembling branches without leaves ; female long-pedicelled. Male; calyx-tube short, teeth 5, small; corolla 5-partite ; stamens 3, inserted in the middle of the calyx-tube; anthers free, one l-celled, two 2-celled ; cells free, straight, simple, more or less
38 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
lateral; connective prolonged, undivided, glabrous. Female calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary oblong, style long ; stigmas 3, subglobose ; ovules many, ts placentas 3, retLod. Fruit indehiscent, globose, acute or fusiform, subrostrate. Seeds many, small, oblong, much compressed, obscurely margined, smooth or very nearly so. Dis- TRIB. Species about 55, all tropical.
Fruit not beaked :—
Fruit globular, glabrous me “ w. «€0L.. MM. affinis.
Fruit oblong, glabrous a aes ons te AE anager Fruit beaked :—
Fruit fusiform, beaked, velvety ... bs . 3 M. marginata.
1. Mbtoruria aFFinis, n. spec. King. ath geaes the stem slender, glabrous, 4-angled and deeply sulcate, not rooting ns the nodes; the tendrils rather stout, bifid. Leaves ovate-cordate to triangular, Stee, 3-5-lobed, the edges denticulate ; upper surface densely scabrid-hispid, the hairs white; the lower paler and with hairs of the same colour but sparser and more slender ; length 1°35-4'25 in., breadth 1°5-3 26 in., petiole ‘5-1 in. Male and female flowers often from the same axil ; the males in many-flowered umbels on pedicels twice as long as the leaf-petioles, pubescent below, glabrous above ; pedicels about 20, slender, unequal, dilated at the apex, glabrous, *25—35 in. long. Flowers ‘1 in. in diam., globose, pubescent, with 5 slender short diverging subulate teeth below the mouth. Petals not seen; anthers 3, straight, the conne- tive not produced. Pedicel of the frwt shorter and stouter than the peduncle of the male umbel, glabrous. Fruit globose, glabrous, thin- walled, many-seeded, red when ripe, ‘4-5 in. in diam.; seeds obovoid, pitted, somewhat compressed, pale.
Perak ; Scortechinit 495; Wray 860, 1404; Curtis ; King’s Collector ‘1069, 2539. Borneo; Bancermassine ; Motley 167.
Mr. C. B. Clarke, who was so good as to examine my specimens of this species and to compare them for me at Kew, assures me that the Perak specimens agree exactly with Motley’s 167. Mr. Clarke considers the species as closely allied to M. marginata, Cogn. from which it differs by its globular glabrous fruit.
2. Metoruria inpica, Lour. Flor. Coch. China, 35. Stem slender, filiform, glabrous, 3-6 feet long, often rooting at the nodes, the tendrils simple. Leaves triangular-cordate, acute, entire or 3-lobed (sometimes deeply); the nerves somewhat hairy, otherwise glabrous, the lobes irregularly denticulate or lobulate; length 1°25-2 in. and breadth the same, petiole ‘6-lin. Male pedicels solitary or in racemes of 2 or 3 on peduncles 1 in. long; calyx-tube broadly campanulate, its teeth subu- late, spreading ; corolla white, puberulons, its segments ovate-oblong. Stamens. with thick obconic filaments, glabrous or sparsely villose; anthers ovate-oblong, ciliate, the connective much produced. Pedunecle
1898.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 39
of female flower solitary, longer that the leaf-petiole. Fruit oblong, glabrous, white, ‘5-75 in. long. Seeds ovate, attenuate at the base. Ser. in DC. Prodr. III, 313; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 4, XVI, 169 t.2; Hance Suppl, Hongkong Flora, 104; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. II, 105; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor, Br. Ind. IT, 626. Bryonia geminata, Blume Bijd. 924; Ser. in DC. Prodr. III, 305; Roem. Syn., fasc. II, 35; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat, I, Pt. I, 659. B. tenella, Roxb. Flor. Ind. II], 725. Aechmandra indica, Arn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ITI, 274; Wight in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. VIII, 267; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 658. |
SeLancore; King’s Collector.360. Disrris. British India, Cochin- China, Philippines, Hongkong.
3. Metoraria MARGINATA, Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan, IL]. 593. Stem creeping, rooting at the nodes, angular, sulcate, glabrous; the tendrils slender, simple, puberulous. Leaves ovate-cordate or more or less 3-lobed, acute; the edges minutely and distantly denticulate ; the upper surface coarsely and distinctly and the lower minutely and more closely strigose, the nerves on both pubescent ; length 1-1-25 in., breadth 1-1°75 in. ; petiole *75-1°5 in., tomentose. Male flowers umbellate on a filiform few-flowered peduncle shorter than the petiole, glabrous ; the pedicels erect, ‘2-3 in. long; the calyx broadly campanulate, pubes- cent, its teeth subulate. Petals villose, yellow; anthers glabrous, in- appendiculate. Female flower solitary on a peduncle ‘5 in. long. Frutt narrowly cylindric, beaked, tapering to the base, velvety, ‘75 in. long, its peduncle filiform; seeds 6-8, foveolate. Bryonia marginata, Blume Bijdr. 924; Ser.in DC. Prodr. III, 305; Roem. Syn., fase. II, p. 36; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. IJ, 660. B. epigzeea, Blume Bijdr. 924; Ser. in DO. Prodr. II, 306, Aechmandra Blumeana, Roem. Syn. fase. IT, p. 33; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 11, 657. Melothria Rumphiana, Scheff. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. I, 25. Cerasiocarpum ? Maingayi, Clarke in Hook, fil. Flor. Br. Ind. III, 629. .
Maxacca ; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 1268. Prrax; King’s Collector 874. Disrris. Java and Sumatra. |
Var. heterophylla, Cogn. in DC, Mon. Phan. III, 594. Leaves quite entire, ovate-cordate or oblong-sub-hastate, scabrous above. almost smooth beneath but hairy on the nerves. Bryonia heterophylla, Blume Bijdr. 925; Wall. Cat. 6704; Roem. Syn., fase. IT, 35. B. Blumei, Ser. in DC. Prodr. III, 305; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 659. Cerasiocarpum ? penangense, Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. III, 629, Prnana; Wallich ; Curtis 1928. Disrrip. Java.
NOTE,
There are in the Calcutta Herbarium specimens of several species of Melothria
40 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
which Mr. C. B. Clarke, (who elaborated the family of Cucurbitacee for Hooker’s Flora of British India, and who kindly compared my Malayan material in the Kew Herbarium) considers as probably new. But, as these want either flowers or fruit, I am obliged to leave them undescribed. The chief amongst these are Perak, Wray 2228 and 3416; and Andamans, King’s Collector 2200.
8. Gynostemma, Blume.
Climbing herbs, tendrils simple. Leaves pedate ; leaflets 3-5, ovate- lanceolate, serrate, membranous. lowers small, dicecious, in axillary diffuse panicles, greenish. Male flower ; calyx short, with 5 small lobes ; corolla rotate, 5-partite, with lanceolate segments; stamens 5, filaments connate below; anthers 2-celled, the cells straight and elongate. Female flower, calyx and corolla asin the male; ovary rotund, 2-3-celled; styles 2 or 3, united below, bifid at the apex; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, Jrwit globose, umbonate, indehiscent, as large as a pea, 1-3-seeded. Seeds wingless, verrucose, sub-muricate. Species 4; all Indo-Malayan. }
GyNosTeMMA PEDATA, Blume Bijdr. 23. Slender, 10-20 feet long; young branches and leaves puberulous or glabrous, rarely pubescent. Leaves membranous, trifoliolate or pedate, the petioles 1-1°5 in. long; leaflets 3-7, ovate-oblong, lanceolate or oblanceolate, uneqnal, the middle the longest, their apices acute or sub-acute, the bases narrowed and sometimes oblique, the edges crenulate or crenate-dentate; length °75-2'5 in., breadth ‘4-1 in., the petiolules ‘1-2 iu. Panicles longer than the leaves, 3-6 in. or even a foot long, slender, sparsely branched, more or less coarsely pubescent. Calyz-segments triangular, acute; segments of corolla 1-nerved, ciliate-dentate, Fruit ‘15 im. in diam. Seeds trigonous. Roem. Syn., fase, II, p. 110; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 683; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 683; Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 913. G. lawa, Cogn. Mon. Phan. IIT, 914; Zanonia lawa, Wall, Cat. 3727; Pl. As. Rar. II, 29; Arn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. III, 272 (in note). Zanonta cissoides, Wall. Cat. 3726; Pl. As. Rar. II, 28. LZ. Wightiana, Arn. Pugill. 38; Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 18, Pt. I, 356; Roem. Syn., fase. II,117. Alsomitra laxa, Roem. Syn., fase. IT, 118. Pestolozzia lava, Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 124. P. pedata, Zoll. et Moritz. Syst. Verz. p. 31. Alsomitra cissoides, Roem. Syn., fase. II, 118. Enkylia trigyna, Griff. Pl. Cantor. 27; Miq. Prol. Flor. Jap., pp. 15 and 142. HE. digyna, Griff. Pl. Cantor. 27. Zanonia pedata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 6838. Gynostemma cissoides, Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I, 176. Vitis atroviridis, Wall. Cat. 6040; Vitis trichophora, Wall. Cat. 9032.
Perak; King’s Collector 2306. Disrris. Malayan Archipelago, British India and Tonkin.
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 41
This plant varies as to the number of its leaflets in its leaves and as to pubes- cence. The pedate forms with 5-7-puberulous leaflets have been by some authors (among whom is M. Cogniaux, the latest monographer of the Cucurbitacex) con- sidered as belonging to a different species from the plants with trifoliolate glabrous shining leaves; and the latter has been named G. lava. After carefully examining about a hundred specimens collected in different parts of British India and Malaya, I find so many that unite to some extent the characters relied upon as distinctive that I have been driven, with all respect to M. Cogniaux, to adopt Mr. Clarke’s view that there is but a single species.
9, Zanonta, Linn.
Climbing herbs; tendrils simple. Leaves long-petioled, simple, ovate or oblong. lowers small, dicecious, in large compound pendulous racemes, males pedicelled, females subsessile. Male; sepals 3, oblong or orbicular, concave; corolla rotate, 5-partite, the segments subacute ; stamens 5, free, inserted on a fleshy disc, filaments very short; anthers 1-celled, transversely oblong. Female; calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary sub-clavate, at first 3-celled ; styles 3, spreading, 2-fid at the apex ; ovules in each cell 2 or many, pendulous, attached in 2 series to a fleshy parietal placenta. Capsule large, elongate-cylindric, clavate, 3-valved at the truncate apex. Seeds large, oblong, pendulous, compressed, sur- rounded byalarge membranous wing. Disrris. Species3; British India, Malaya.
Leaves ovate-oblong ; fruit 2°5 in. long eft ww L 2. indica. Leaves ovate-rotund ; fruit 5-8 in. long ca oo. 2. Z. Clarkei.
1. Zanonta 1npicA, Linn. Spec. Pl. ed. IT, 1457. Slender, climbing to the extent of 30-50 feet, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-oblong, acute; the base 3-nerved, rounded or somewhat emarginate; main nerves 6-8 pairs, curved, spreading, prominent beneath; length 3°5-6 in., breadth 2-3'5 in., petiole ‘65-8 in. Fruit cylindric-campanulate, glabrous, the apex truncate, 2°5 in. long; seeds flat, thin, 1‘5-1°75 in. long ; the nucleus oval, only ‘6 in. long, the rest being wing. Blume Bijdr. 937; Ser. in DC. Prodr, III, 298; Roem. Syn. fasc. II, 117; Wight and Arn. Prodr. 340; Wight Ill. t. 103; Maiq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 682 ; Thwaites’ Enum. Pl. Zey. 124, 442 ; Clarke in Hook, fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 633; Trimen Flora Ceylon II, 261.
Perak ; King’s Collector 7198, 7362.
2, ZanontA CLARKEI, n. spec. King. Slender, 60-80 feet long, glabrous, the young branches deeply grooved, Leaves coriaceous, ovate- rotund, acute ; the base broad, emarginate or slightly cordate, with 5-7 nerves radiating from the apex of the petiole (the lateral one on eack side small); length 2°5-3°5 in., breadth 2°5-3 in., petiole ‘75 in., tendrils bifid. Flowers unknown. Fruit ovoid-cylindric, smooth, 5-8 in. long,
a... 6
42 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. J,
and 3 in. in diam. Seeds flattened, about *1 in. thick, ovate, with 6 unequal deep narrow marginal lobes (those at the ends being the longest), the seed proper or nucleus papillose, lin. long and °75 in, broad, surrounded on all sides by a thin membranous wing nearly J in. wide.
Perak; King’s Collector 7230.
This fine species is known only from a single gathering of six specimens, none of which bears a flower. My friend Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.R.S., who was so kind as to compare for me at Kew the whole of my Malayan Cucurbits, notes on this as follows: ‘‘ This is either a new Zanonia near Z. indica, Linn., ora new Alsomitra near A. Capricornica, F. Mull.—I think a Zanonia, whether the sepals turn out to be 5 or not. The 2-fid cirrhi may do for either genus. The spinose-margined seeds are not like those of Zanonia; but the ovoid, or sub-globose fruit is like nothing out of section Macrozanonia, Cogn. I call it Zanonia, n. spec.”
10. Atsomirra, Bth. & Hk. f.
Large climbers; tendrils simple or 2-fid. Leaves with 3 oblong entire leaflets, Flowers small, dicecious, white, in compound panicles with filiform branches. Male; calyx rotate, 5-partite, segments oblong, acute; corolla rotate, 5-partite, segments obtuse ; stamens 5, filaments short, near together at the base; anthers small, oblong, straight, 1- celled. Female; calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary elongate- clavate, l-celled ; styles 3-4, conical, with semi-lunate stigmas; ovules very many, pendulous; placentas 3, thick, vertical, parietal. Capsule large, elongate-clavate, truncate and 3-valved at the apex. Seeds very many, compressed, vertical, in six rows, much corrugated, incised or horned on the margin with a terminal membranous wing longer than the seed. Drsrris. Species 9; British India, Malaya, North Aus- tralia, S. America.
ALSOMITRA CLAVIGERA, Roem. Syn. fase. IJ, p. 118. <A slender glabrous climber. Leaflets fleshy, the middle the largest, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, the apex obtuse, the base narrowed, the edges entire, subsessile, eglandular, length 1'5-3 in., breadth °65-1l in, Panicles slender, twice as long as the leaves, longer in fruit, Capsule smooth, 1:25-1'5 im. long and ‘4 in. broad. Seeds dark, cinereous, shortly muricate. Cogniaux in DC. Mon. Phan. III, 927; Hook. fil. in Bot. Mag. t. 6017; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br, Ind. II, 634. Zanonia sarcophylla, Wall. Cat. 3724; Pl. As. Rar. IT, 28, t. 133.
Kapa ; Curtis 2504,
Ordered LVI ARALIACEA,
Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs, often scandent, sometimes prickly. Leaves alternate, the uppermost rarely sub-opposite, long-
1898.] G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 43
petioled, large, simple or compound; stipules adnate to the petiole, sometimes inconspicuous or 0. Flowers regular, small, often polygamous, in umbels racemes or umbellate panicles; bracts and bracteoles small or conspicuous; pedicels continuous with the base of the calyx or jointed. Calya-tube adnate to the ovary; limb truncate, obsolete or with small teeth. Petals 5, rarely 6-7 or many, valvate or sub-imbricate, expanding or calyptrate. Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals (very many in Tupidanthus), inserted round an epigynous disc. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, or cells as many as the stamens, or 1-celled ; styles as many as the cells, distinct or united; ovules solitary and pendulous in each cell. Fruit coriaceous or drupaceous, usually small, one or more cells sometimes suppressed. Seed pendulous, albumen uniform or ruminate; embryo minute, radicle next the hilum. Distrrs. Species 400, chiefly tropical and subtropical, a few in the cool temperate zones, Petals imbricate (slightly); pedicels of flowers
jointed :— Styles 2-5, free; leaves compound ... 1. ARALIA. Styles 3 or 4, free; leaves simple, entire, lobed or pinnatifid ; ovary 1-celled sae .. 2, ARADIDIUM..
Petals valvate ; stamens not exceeding 12 :— Albumen uniform, ovary 4-12-celled, pedicels continu- ous with the flower, leaves simple or digitately com-
pound :— Fruit boldly ridged, never more than ‘3 in. long; leaves usually compound .. “i .. 93 HePpTAPLEURUM. Fruit succulent, aS alee ‘5 in. in pall leaves simple, large, rotund-reniform, lobed . «ee 4 'PREVESIA.
Fruit succulent, ‘3 in. in diam., obscurely ridged ; leaves simple, entire (palmately lobed in young shoots ) ore ae eos eo 5 DENDROPANAX, Albumen ruminate :— Ovary 1-celled :—
Ovary 1l-ovulate, leaves compound ... w. 6. ARTHROPHYLLUM. Ovary with 2 ovules; fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded,
leaves simple “oe a -. % WARDENFA.
Ovary 2-celled, pedicels continuous :— ;
Style distinct ; leaves pinnately decompound ... 8, HETEROPANAX. Styles. combined; leaves digitate, palmate or
angled ove ove ... 9 BRASSAIOPsIS.
Ovary 4- or 5-celled, pedicels joinind Fe .. 10. HeETEROPSIS. Petals valvate ; stamens 30-50 es .» Ll. Tupranruus,
1, Aratia, Linn.
Herbs, shrubs or small trees, glabrous, hairy or prickly. Leaves alternate or whoried, digitate, pinnate or compound-pinnate ; leaflets
44 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
serrate or nearly entire; bracts and stipules not prominent. Umbels solitary or in racemes or panicles, rarely in compound umbels; pedicels usually jointed close under the flower. Flowers often polygamo-mone- cions. Calyx with its margin truncate or 5-toothed. Petals 5, ovate, imbricate in bud. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-5-celled; styles 2-5, free or shortly connate at base. Fruit 4-5-celled, 4-5-angular, or subglobose, 2-3-celled. Albwmen uniform. Dustris. Species about 50; extending from India and Malaya to Japan and North America.
Leaflets entire or minutely serrulate, densely ferrugineous-
tomentose on the lower surface oem oe «. I, A. Thomson: Leaflets coarsely and somewhat unequally serrate, the lower
surface with scattered flexuose white hairs ove oo. 2 A. armata. Leaflets obscurely undulate-serrate, quite glabrous on both
surfaces, the lower sub-glaucous _... Sr iteee ww Os A, ferow.
1. ArattA THomsont, Seem. Rev. Hed. 91. A large prickly shrub, all parts more or less softly pubescent or tomentose. Stem slender, the prickles remote. Leaves large, 2-3-pinnate ; leaflets thickly membra- nous, 5-9 in each ultimate pinnule, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the base rounded and somewhat oblique; the petiolules of all except the terminal very short (usually less than ‘1 in. long), that of the terminal leaflet °5 in. or upwards, the edges entire or minutely serrulate; upper surface sparsely strigose, the nerves and midrib pubescent ; the lower softly tomentose ; length 2°5-3°5 in., breadth 1-1°75 in. Panicles 15-20 in. long, with short sub-horizontal branches; the ultimate branches umbellate ; the bracts narrowly lanceolate, ‘25 in long. Fruit *15 in. long, somewhat wrinkled, glabrous, the ridges broad. Clarke in Hook. fil, Flor. Br. Ind. TI, 723.
Pawane; Ridley 2450. Prnana; King’s Collector 1574; Curtis 462. Prax; King’s Collector 7807, 8704, 10045.
2. ARALIA ARMATA, Seem. Rev. Hed. 91. A prickly shrub; stem slender, almost glabrous except the puberulous young parts. Leaves very large, 3-pinnate, the rachises puberulous ; leaflets thinly mem- branous, 9-11 in each ultimate pinnule, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the edges coarsely and somewhat nnequally serrate ; the base rounded, slightly oblique or sub-cordate ; sessile except the terminal one; petiolule of the terminal leaflet under 1 inch ; length of leaflets 3-5 in., breadth 15-2 in.; upper surface with a few sparse adpressed hairs, otherwise glabrous ; lower with scattered white flexuose hairs especially on the nerves and midrib. Panicle 15-18 in. long, pubescent in its ultimate 3-fid branches, the lower part glabrous, ultimate branchlets umbellate ; the pedicels slender ‘3-4 in. long, tomentose. Fruit nearly ‘2 in. long, glabrous; the ridges broad, flat. Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 536;
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 45
Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 723. Panazx armatum, Wall. Cat. 4933; G. Don. Gen. Syst. TII, 386.
Kepau ; Ourtis 2526. Distris. British India; in Burma, the Khasia Hills and on the lower slopes of the Hastern Himalaya.
3. ARALIA FerOX, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 750. A lax spread- ing glabrous shrub, often scandent to 20 or 30 feet ; the stems, branches, rachises of the leaves and inflorescence bearing numerous short recurved spines. Leaves 2-3-pinnate, the pinne 3 or 4 pairs; leaflets sub- coriaceous, 3-5 in a pinna, the pairs opposite, ovate, acute, the bases rounded, the edges obscurely undulate-serrate ; both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining when dry, the lower sub-glaucous ; length 1-2 in., breadth *75-1 in. ; petiolules unequal, the lateral '15-"3 in., the terminal 5-65 in. long. Panicle terminal, 8-15 in. long and 6 in. across, with numerous slightly compressed horizontal branches, themselves branching and ultimately ending in numerous peduncled umbels of 10-15 long-pedicelled oblong flowers ‘1 in. long; the pedicels slender, 3-5 in. long. Calyx-tube campanulate, 10-ridged, the limb with 5 small triangular acute teeth. Petals ovate. Fruit ovate-globose, boldly 5-ridged, rather more than ‘] in. long.
Perak ; Scortechint 142, 501; King’s Collector 1037, 4434, 5089, 8438, 10568 ; Wray 2155. |
2. ARatipium, Miq.
Leaves large, simple, usually deeply lobed or pinnatifid, glabrous . Flowers male or hermaphrodite, in large compound panicles, minute. Calyx-teeth triangular, spreading, the tube campanulate. Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens 5. Ovary usually 3-celled, two of the cells soon aborting. Styles distinct, subulate. Pruzt obliquely ovoid, drupaceous, 1 inch or more in length, 1-seeded ; the seed solitary, rugose, pendulous, vertically sulcate ; albumen very copious, coarsely ruminate, penetrated by outgrowing folds from the funicle; embryo small. Distrip; two species, both Malayan.
This is a remarkable genus of doubtful position. The large solitary seed, with a much developed funicle forming an expansion at the base of the coarsely ruminated albumen and sending processes into the latter, and the unisexual habit make it doubtful whether it should not be placed in Cornaceez (to which Seemann referred it), rather than in Araliacex.
ARALIDIUM PINNATIFIDUM, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 763,t.13. A small tree without prickles, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves thinly coriaceous, irregularly lobed or coarsely pinnatifid, rarely entire and narrowly elliptic ; length of the lobed or pinnatifid forms 10-18 in., breadth 7-10 in.; length of the entire leaves 4-10 in., breadth 2-4 in.; petiole stout, 15-5 in. long. Pamnicles many-branched, ferruginous-
46 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. I,
puberulous, shorter than or as long as the leaves. Petals pubescent. Fruit narrowly ellipsoid, pointed at each end, glabrous, the pericarp: thin, length 1°35 in., diam °6 in., damson-colored when ripe. Miq. Flor,. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 340; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 726; Hemsley in Hook. Ic, Plantar. t. 1549.
Panane ; Ridley 2439. Snrancor; Curtis 2340. Stncarore; Ridley ;: Hullett, 485, 888; King. Panana; Ridley 2662. Matacca; Griffith: (Kew Distrib.) 2702; Maingay 676. Prrax ; Scortechini ; Wray ; King’s Collector (many numbers), a very common plant. Duistris. Sumatra,. Forbes 2207,
The structure of the seed is well explained by Mr. Hemsley in his description and figure in Hooker’s Icones Plantarum.
3. Heprapniurum, Gertn.
Large shrubs or trees, glabrous or tomentose, without prickles. Leaves digitate, rarely compound-digitate or 1-foliolate; leaflets coriaceous,. entire or remotely toothed or lobed, never closely serrate nor ciliate, those near the panicle usually entire; stipules often connate within the petiole and prominent. Umbels (rarely capitate) panicled or in com- pound racemes; bracts woolly, deciduous or persistent; pedicels not jointed under the flower; bracteoles few or 0, or rarely densely tufted. Calyx-margin toothed or truncate. Petals 5-6 or many, valvate. Stamens as many as the petals. Ovary cells as many as the petals, disc small or large; styles small, separate or combined in a short comical narrow cylindric column. Fruit subglobose, 5-6-angled. Seeds compressed, albumen uniform. Disrris. Species 55, in the tropics of the Old World. Leaves simple ove BA so o. Ll. H. avene,
Leaves all trifoliolate :— Panicle longer than the leaves, slender; its branches
long, spreading, laxly-flowered ... Af - 2. H. luridwm, Panicle shorter than the leaves; its meaneies adit: densely-flowered ... a wae oo & H. triste,
Leaves all digitately 5-9-foliolate :— Panicle simple or 2-branched, sub-racemose, only about 3 in. long; the lateral umbels subsessile, lax, few- flowered an Re sy .. 4. H. sub-racemoswm. Panicle divided from the base or near it into several erect narrow branches 6-12 inches long; the lateral branches very short and bearing dense heads of sub- sessile flowers :— Ovary 8-celled, leaves glaucous and with loose wooly
hairs beneath ay Bae aw .. & H. Cephalotes. Ovary 5-celled :— Both surfaces of the leaves quite glabrous .. 6. H. Scortechinu.
Lower surface of leaves tomentose we . % HH. tomentosum..
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.
Panicle with few narrow erect branches bearing shortly peduncled umbels of pedicellate flowers :— Ovary 12-celled; leaflets 5, membranous, 7-12 in. long a waa ae oni Ovary 9-celled; leaflets 7-9, very coriaceous, 3-5 in. long ove Ovary 5-celled :— Main nerves of leaflets only 2 or 3 pairs, the basal prominent; reticulatious rather wide, not promi- nent; panicles very narrow, covered, up to the bases of the pedicels, with minute stellate hair Main nerves of leaflets 5 or 6 pairs, basal nerves prominent ; panicles glabrous {rarely hairy) narrow
in flower, spreading in fruit Panicle with spreading branches :— Branches of the panicle umbellate :— Ovary 5-celled; reticulations of leaves wide, dis- tinct eee ove ade vee ‘Ovary 6-celled :—
Common petiole 1-2°5 in. long; leaflets lanceo- late or oblanceolate, caudate-acuminate, much narrowed to the base, 1°5-3'5 in. long; flower- buds globular, *1 in. in diam. ;
Common petiole 2-4 in. long; leaflets aie lanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate, the bases rounded, 2-4 in. long; flower-buds oblong, about ‘2 in. long ; fruit 25 in. long
fruit *1 in. long ..
Common petiole 10-24 in. long; leaflets oblong. elliptic, shortly and abruptly acuminate, 4-12 long ; flower-buds sub-globular, ‘1 in. in Pern fruit elliptic, ‘25-3 in. long Common petiole 5-10 in, long; ieaflats abliig: elliptic or oblanceolate-oblong, acute, 5-10 in. long; flower-buds globular, *15 in. in diam. ; fruit ovoid, *25 in. long ... 78 ; Common petiole 2-2°25 in. long; leaflets lanceo- late, acute, narrowed to the base, 1°5—2°5 in. long ; flower-buds oblong, °*2 in. long, fruit ‘3 in, long... Branches of the panicle racemose Lower leaves large, digitately decompound :— Leaflets entire, narrowly oblong, acuminate, 2-3°5 in. long, panicle 8 in. long see Leaflets usually entire, 2°5-7 in. long, Bich 10-15 in. long ; fruit oblong a Leaves bipinnate, leaflets donmiolke toothed ; ‘globular eee vee
“elie sub-
aye (t
fa |e
12.
aes
. £6,
. 16.
Ui
» 18.
ae 8
3 20.
pels
A7
H. Singalangense.
H., lati-foliolatum.
H. subulatum,
H, venulosum,.
H, ellipticum.
H. scandens.
H, affine.
H, Hullettis.
H. Ridleyi.
H. nervosum.
H. Wray.
H. biternatum.
H. heterophyllum.
A. Curtisi.
1. HeEprapLevRUM AVENE, Seem. ta Hed. 43. Scandent ; young branches with striate rugulose glabrous bark, brown when dry. Leaves
48 G King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
simple, coriaceous, narrowly oblong, acute, narrowed to the base, the edges slightly recurved ; both surfaces glabrous, dull when dry; main nerves about 12 pairs, faint, sub-horizontal ; length 3°5-5°25 in., breadth ‘9-1-2 in.; petiole *75-1:25, thickened near the apex. Panicles single or 2 or 3, terminal, puberulous, half as long as the leaves, erect ; the few branches rather close together, about °25 or *3 in. long, each bearing 3-5 pedicellate flowers ; the buds ‘15 in., ovoid, their pedicels ‘2 in. long ; bracts lanceolate, deciduous. Calyx-rim narrow; petals, stamens and stigmas 6. Jrutt ellipsoid, as large as a pea, sulcate. Sciadophyllum avene, Herb. Korthals.
SinGAPORE; Ridley 5840, 6337. Distris. Sumatra.
At once distinguished in the genus by its oblong simple leaves.
2. HEPraPLEURUM LURIDUM, new species. An epiphytic shrub 2-3 feet long ; branches with rugulose glabrous bark. Leaves trifoliolate, with a common petiole 1-1'75 in. long, glabrous, fleshy when fresh, ver- tically rugose when dry; leaflets very coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-ob- long, slightly oblique, tapering gradually to each end; the edges entire, much recurved when dry; both surfaces quite glabrous, the nerves and veins very indistinct even when dry ; length 2°5-4 in., breadth 5-75 in.; petiolules unequal, thick, the lateral ‘15-25 in. long, the terminal about ‘4 in. Panicle terminal, longer than the leaves; its branches few, slender, long, spreading, glabrous; the ultimate branchlets 1-1°5 in. long, bearing umbels of 3-8 broadly ovoid glabrous flowers ‘1 in. long; their pedicels at first only about *1 in. long, but two or three times as long in fruit. Calyzx-tube shortly campanulate ; its mouth truncate, entire. Petals completely united into a calyptra. Stamens 6, erect, the filaments short, Styles united into a short conical column; the stigmas 6, small, occupying the corners of its truncate apex.
Perak ; Scortechint 1191; King’s Collector 8304.
A very distinct small species easily recognised by its narrow very acuminate avenous leaflets borne on fleshy petioles, and by its slender spreading long-branched few-flowered panicles.
3. HEPTAPLEURUM TRISTE, new species. A tree ; young branches as thick as a swan’s-quill, glabrous, pale when dry. Leaves 3-foliolate, the common petiole 15-2 in. long; leaflets thickly coriaceous, glabrous, broadly elliptic, blunt or shortly apiculate, the base rounded ; the edges entire, boldly recurved when dry ; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, close to- gether, indistinct on both surfaces; length 2°25-3°25 in., breadth 15-2 in.; petiolules unequal, the lateral pair ‘5 in. long, the middle one ‘8 in. Panicle terminal, shorter than the leaves, glabrous, divided from the base into 2 or 3 spreading branches, ebracteate; the branchlets about ‘Din. long (longer in fruit), each ending in an umbel of 10-20 ovate
1898.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Mulayan Peninsiila. 49
flowers, ‘15 in. long, their pedicels ‘1 in. long. Calyaz-tube campanu- late ; the limb truncate, narrow, Petals 5, broadly elliptic, blunt, re- flexed. Fruit narrowly oblong, pointed, deeply 5-ridged, glabrous, erowned by the short conical style-column, ‘2 in. long, glabrous.
Perak ; on Ulu Batang Padong, at an elevation of about 4900 feet ; Wray 1509.
A species near H. ellipticum but readily distinguished from that in the Herba- rium by its dull broad coriaceous leaflets, more widely campanulate calyx-tube, and larger fruit. _ 4. HepraPpLEURUM SUB-RACEMOSUM, new species. A shrub 2-3 feet high; young branches with thick corky glabrous bark, pale when dry. Leaves trifoliolate or sometimes 5-folioiate, the common petiole 1°5-2°5 in. long, glabrous. Leaflets coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, narrowed at the base, the edges entire and slightly revolute ; both surfaces glabrous, distinctly and finely reticulate wheu dry; length 2°25-4 in., breadth °75-1-] in.; petiolules unequal, 3-4 in. long, that of the terminal leaflet *8-1'25in. long, thickened at the apex. Panicle solitary, terminal, very narrow, sub-racemose, 2-branched, only about 3 inches long and about °65 in. across; the branchlets only *1—2 in. long, each ending in an umbel of 3-5 oblong, green flowers °15 in. long; rim of calyx very narrow. Fruit oblong, *2 m, long, glabrous, with 5 blunt ridges, pale green tipped with bluish, 5-celled. ‘Perak ; King’s Collector 8283.
Readily recognised by its small caudate-acuminate narrow leaflets, much and prominently reticulated when dry; and by its short narrow racemoid panicles.
5. HerrarLnevrum Crrpuarotes, Clarke in: Flor. Br. Ind. [I, 731. ‘A large tree. Leaves digitate, their petioles rather slender, 1:5-3°5 in. long, glaucous; leaflets about 7, oblong-elliptic, the apex abruptly and shortly acuminate, the base rounded, the edges entire and slightly recurved when dry; upper surface shining, glabrous; the lower dull , glaucous, and bearing when young some quickly deciduous loose wooly hairs. Panicle minutely tomentose, terminal, consisting of numerous sub-erect branches 6-12 inches Jong,*bearing shortly peéduncled globose ebracteolate dense capitula. Fruit oblong, ribbed, 8-celled, covered with stellate white tomentum and crowned by the broad cluster of Short styles ; disc large, spongy. H. capitatum, Seem. Rey. Hed. 15 (in part). Vonage ae
Maracea; Griffith (Kew Distrib.) 2700. Sincaporr; Iidley 3973, 6409. Prnana; Onrtis 837. Perak; Wiay 1542; Scortechini 391.
6. Heprartevrum Scorrechtntl, new species, An epiphytic shrub, the young branches stout. Leaves digitate; the common petiole terete, glabrous, stout, 2°5-3'5 feet long ; leaflets 8-10, very coriaceous, oblong
oN. 7 ith )
50 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
or oblong-elliptic, the apex blunt or shortly apiculate, the base rounded, the edges entire and recurved when dry; both surfaces quite glabrous, not reticulate; main nerves 6-9 pairs, slightly prominent on the lower surface; length 9-13 in., breadth 4-6 in.; petiolules unequal, 2°5-5 in. long. Panicle terminal, dividing into several narrow raceme-like branches, 10-20 inches long, covered with pale scurfy tomentum ; the branchlets 40 or 50 in number and °35 to ‘75 in. long, each with a broadly ovate convolute wooly bract at its base, and at its apex a dense globular umbel of sub-globular flowers ‘1 in. in diam. and borne on pedicels 05 in. long. Calya truncate, tapering to the base. Petals 6 or 7, narrowly lanceolate. Stigmas free, ovary 5-celled. Fruit unknown.
Perak; Scortechini 2008.
Collected only by the late Father Scortechini, whose specimens unfortunately are scanty and rather fragmentary. A very distinct species, in general appearance resembling H. Cephototes, Clarke and H, rigidwm, Seem. The leaflets of the latter have however twice as many main lateral nerves, although their length is not greater.
7. HepraPLEURUM TOMENTOSUM, Hassk. in Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (1844), p. 165, A half-scandent shrub, 6-8 in. high ; the young branches stout, deciduously stellate-pubescent, the older glabrous. Leaves digitate ; the common petiole 9-12 in. long, densely covered with rusty stellate tomentum, the intra-petiolar stipules about ‘75 in. long. Leaflets 5-7, coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, caudate-acuminate, slightly narrowed to the base, the edges entire and slightly revolute; the upper surface boldly bullate and finely reticulate, quite glabrous, pale olivaceous when dry ; the lower pale brown, more or less closely covered with pale brown stellate hairs; length 8-10 in., breadth 2°75-3°5 in.; petiolules unequal, 15-2°5 in. long, tomentose. Panicles usually two together, terminal, 4-5 in. long, racemose ; the lateral branches about 12, short, ‘2-4 1n. long, each bearing asub-globular umbel of 8-10, ovoid, blunt, glabrous flowers ‘15 in. long; their pedicels ‘1 in. long, pubescent. Calyx-tube funnel-
shaped, the rim narrow. Petals 5, white, glabrous, calyptrate. Stamens longer than the petals. Styles 5, conjoined, papilliform, their apices free. Fruit *2 in. long, narrowly oblong, 5-ridged, 5-celled. Sciadophyllum tomentosum, Blume Bijdr. 877; DC. Prod. IV, 260. Paratropia tomentosa, Miq. in Bonplandia for 1856, p. 188; Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 753; Aun. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 23.
Perak; Scortechini, Wray 2202, 3152; King’s Collector 2066, 2216, 2569, 7253, 8733. SnLanagor; Curtis 2341. Distris. Sumatra; Forbes, 2611.
I have seen no authentically-named specimen of this from the Leiden Herba- rium, but the Perak plant agrees so completely with Miquel’s description that I have no doubt of the correctness of my identification.
1898.] _G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5%
8. HeprapLevrum SInGaLANGenseE, Seem. Rev. Hed. 42. Scandent, glabrous. Leaves digitate ; common petiole 12-15 in. long, stout ; leaflets 5, membranous, elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base slightly narrowed, the edges with a few irregular remote teeth or entire; both sur- faces glabrous, faintly reticulate; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, curved, Spreading ; length 7-12 in., breadth 3'25-5°25 in., petiolules 1*25-2°5 in., thickened at the base. Panicle 12-18 in. long, covered with deciduous rusty steilate pubescence, very narrow, (about 2 in. wide) ; the branches numerous, about *5 in. long, each ending in an umbel of 5-10 oblong obovoid pedicelled flowers *25 in. long, their pedicels -2—3 in. long. Calyx-tube shortly campanulate, minutely scaly ; its limbnarrow, truncate, undulate. Petals 9, fleshy, narrow, slightly unequal, connate by their edges. Stamens 9. Stigmas united into a notched fleshy ring, ovary 12-celled. Fruit unknown. Paratropia Singalense, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Imgd. Bat. I, 23. Agalma redivivum, Seem. Rev, Hed. 25.
Perak ; Scortechini 390; Curtis 3170.
The specimens which I have seen are few. In foliage they agree with the specimen in Kew named Agalma redivivum, which however Seemann describes as having 7-8-merous flowers. In other respects they agree with Seemann’s description of that plant. They also agree with Miquel’s full description of his Paratropia Singalangense, except as to the length of the petiole which Miquel gives as only 4-6 Inches, a measurement so much out of proportion with those he gives for the petiolules, (1-2°5 in.) and leaflets, that I cannot help suspecting some clerical error.
9. HePTAPLEURUM LATIFOLIOLATUM, new species. A bush with stout branches. Leaves digitate; the common petiole stout, glabrous, some- what compressed, 7-11] in. long; leaflets thickly coriaceous, ovate- rotund, shortly acuminate or blunt, the base rounded ; the edges entire, slightly recurved when dry; both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining, the lower dull and sub-glaucous; main lateral nerves 7 or 8 pairs, spreading, curving upwards, prominent on the lower surface, depressed on the upper when dry; length 3-5 in., breadth 1°75-3'5 in.; petiolules *8-1°5 in., rather stout. Panicles terminal, in pairs, 5-8 in, long, glabrous; the branches short, horizontal, each bearing at its apex an umbel of 10-15 pedicelled flowers; pedicels °3 in. long. Fruit broadly ovoid, deeply 9-ridged, 9-celled, glabrous, crowned by the 9 very short free styles, and ‘15 in. in diam., red when ripe.
Perak; on Gunong Babu at an elevation of about 5000 feet ; Wray 3927.
10. HeprarLevrum susuntatum, Seem. Rev. Hed. 42. Scandent, glabrous. Leaves digitate; the common petiole 2-6 in. long, slender, glabrous, terete; leaflets coriaceous, oblong-elliptic or elliptic, shortly acuminate, tapering to the base; the edges entire, revolute when dry ; both surfaces glabrous and reticulate but not prominently so, the upper
52. G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
shining, the lower dull when dry ; midrib prominent on the lower surface as also the 4 oblique, basal, and 2-3 pairs of sub-horizontal main nerves ; length 2°5-7 in., breadth 1—3°5 in; petiolules unequal, *2—2 in., swollen near the apex. Panicle terminal, stellately puberulous, shorter than the- leaves while in flower, longer in fruit, bearing many very narrow racemoid branches each with an acuminate lanceolate bract 1 in. long’ at its base; branchlets very short, from °15 in. when in flower to ‘5 in. when in fruit, stellately pnberulous, each bearing an umbel of 12-20: flowers; buds depressed, globular, glabrous, ‘05 in. in diam. ; their pedicels: ‘2in. long, slender Iruit rather broadly ovoid, bluntly 5-ridged, 5-. celled, glabrous, ‘15 in. long. Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. IT, 730. Paratropia subuiata, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 22. .
Maracca; Griffith (Kew Distrib.) 2690; Maincay; 681, (Kew~ Distrib.) Derry. Pananc; Ridley 1632, 5818. Perak; Scortechini; Wray 872, 3090, .3639; King’s Collector 773, 1102, 2343. Dustrip. Sumatra.
This closely resembles H: venulosum, Seem., and is not always readily distin- guishable from that species. The best marks of this appear to me to be the promi- : nence of the basal nerves and the fewness of the other main nerves (only 2 or 3 pairs); and the longer narrower panicles which, up to the pedicels of the: flowers, are covered with minute stellate hairs. The majority of the specimens of’ H. venulosum, Seem. have glabrous panicles, but those of var. macrophylla are hairy, and the leaves have many more lateral nerves.
11. Heprrapteurum ventLosum, Seem. Rev. Hed. 44. Scandent; young branches rather slender, glabrous. Leaves digitate; common’ petiole slender, terete, glabrous, 4-6 in. long; leaflets thinly coriaceous, oblanceolate-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, narrowed to the base, the edges entire; both surfaces shining, glabrous, conspicu- ously and minutely reticulate; length 3-7 in., breadth 1:25-2-75 in.; petiolules unequal, slender, varying from *5-1°5 in. long in the same leaf. Panicle varying in length bnt usually shorter than the leaves, terminal, glabrous or occasionally slightly pubescent, (stellate-pubescent in var. macrophylla), dividing into several narrow branches bearing short branchlets each terminating in an umbel of 10-15 depressed-clobular flowers ‘] in. in diam.; their pedicels unequal, slender, *15--3 in. im length. I’ruit ovoid, bluntly 5-ridged, 5-celled, glabrous, ‘15 in. long, yellow when ripe. Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. Il, 729; Brand. For. Flor. 294; Kurz For. Flor. I, 538. Paratropia venulosa, W. & A: Prodr. 377; Wight Ill. t. 118. Hedera veuosa, Wall. Cat. 4923. H. terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 4920, (partly,). Aralia digitata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22; Flor. Ind. II, 107.
ANDAMAN Istanps ; King’s Collectors. Matacca; Derry.
This species, so common from the base of the Eastern Himalaya southwards
1898.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 53:
through Assam to Burma, is replaced in the Malayan Peninsula by the closely allied species H. ellipticwm, which differs from this as noted under that species., Mr. Clarke, in Flor. Br. India, however, reduces H. ellipticum to H. venulosum, a: course in favour of which there is a good deal to be said.
12. HepraPLevruM .ELLIpTICcUM, Seem, Rev. Hed. 43. Scandent;. young branches with pale brown glabrous bark. Leaves digitate; the common petiole 4-6 in. long, glabrous ; leaflets 5- 7, coriaceous, more- or less broadly elliptic, sometimes elliptic- rotund, apiculate, subapicu-. late or obtuse, the base rounded or sub-cuneate; the edges entire, revolute when dry ; both surfaces glabrous and rather dull when dry ;. main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, the reticulations wide, inconspicuous ; length 2-5-7 in,, breadth 1°75-4 in. ; petiolules uequal, *75-1'5 in., that of the middle leaflet 2 in. Panicle about as long as the leaves, terminal, glabrous, lax, open, the branches long, spreading and bearing few-: flowered umbels on long slender peduncles ; flowers globular-ovoid, ‘1 in, Jong or less, on slender pedicels ‘15-2 in. long. Fruit oblong, yellowish, with 5 ridges and 5 cells, Paratropia elliptica, Maiq. in Bonplandia 1856, p. 1388; Flor. Ind. Bat. J, Pt. I, p.756; in Ann. Mus. Luged. Bat. I, 20; Sciadophyllum ellipticum, Blume Bijdr. 878; DC. Prodr. IV, 260.
Sincapore; Ridley 5839, 6399: Matnacca; Derry 1187, 1215. Penane ; Ourtis 972. Perax; Scortechini; Wray 2020, 2136; King’s Collector 2541, 4733, 10375, 10534. ANnpaman ann Nicopar Istanps; King’s Collector.
This Raeauthios H. venulosum, Seem ; but the Eatne Rem on the leaves of this are wider and less distinct than in that; and the panicles of this have spreading, quite glabrous, lax branches.
13. HEPrAPLEURUM SCANDENS, Seem. Rev. Hed. 43. A slender creeper 3-5 in. long, the stem pale and corky. Leaves small, digitate ; common petiole 1-2°5 in. long, slender ; leaflets 3-5, thinly coriaceons, lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, tapering much to the base, the edges entire and somewhat recurved ; both surfaces glabrous, the upper smooth and. ee the lower dull and reticulate; length 1°5-3°5 in., breadth “5-8 in.; petiolules subequal, ‘2-25 in, long.. Panicles longer than the leaves, aie ace. 4-8 in. long; the branches spreading horizontally, simple, each ending in an‘umbel of flowers on a slender pedicel nearly ‘75 in. long; buds globular,*1 in. in diam. JL’ruit elliptic, boldly 5- ridged, 5-celled, ‘1 in. long. Paratropia scandens, Miq. in Bonplandia 1856, p. 138; Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I. 757. P. brachybotrya, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 755. Sciadophyllum scandens, Blume Bijdr. 878.
Perak; Wray 1844, 2401, 2880; Curtis 2687; Scortechini 218, 1352 ; King’s Collector 4304. Distris. Java, Sumatra.
A very slender glabrous species, at once distinguished by its small lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, digitate leaflets.
54 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 1,
14. HeprarpLEURUM AFFINE, new species. A shrub 6-8 feet high, semi-scandent ; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, shining, gla- brous; common petiole 2-4 in. long, slender, the stipule bout °65 in., both glabrous ; leaflets 5 or 6, thinly coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, acuminate, the base sometimes narrowed but always rounded, the edges entire ; length 2°25-4 in., breadth 1:25-1°75 in.; petiolules somewhat unequal, °75-1°5 in. long. Panicle terminal, when young furfuraceously puberulous towards the base, ultimately quite glabrous everywhere, 25-5 in. long and almost as broad ; the main branches 3 or 4, spreading and bearing, in pairs or whorls of 3, six to twelve ultimate ebracteate branches ‘5-75 in. long, each terminating in an umbel of 7-10 pedicel- late broadly ovate flowers nearly ‘2 in. long, the pedicels ‘2 in. long. Fruit broadly ovate, apiculate, boldly 6-ridged, 6-celled, glabrous, nearly °25 in. long.
Perak; at elevations of from 3000 to 5000 feet. Scortechini 333, 486 ; King’s Collector 3827; Wray 4121.
This in many respects resembles H. ellipticum, but has larger flowers and its fruit is on shorter pedicels.
15. Heprarptevrum Hunter, new species. A small tree, 10-15 feet high ; branches stout, rugulose, deciduously pubescent, Leaves large, digitate; the common petiole terete, glabrous, 10-24 in. long; leaflets 7-11, coriaceous, oblong or oblong-elliptic, occasionally somewhat broader in the upper than in the lower half, shortly and abruptly acuminate, slightly narrowed to the rounded base; both surfaces glabrous, not reticulate, the midrib prominent ; main nerves 5-8 pairs, distant, slightly curved and ascending, prominent on the lower surface when dry,, obsolete on the upper; length 4-12 in., breadth 1°5-3°25 in.; petiolules 1:25-3°5 in., slender, glabrous. Panicles 9-12 inches long, terminal, several together, long and narrow, with short horizontal slender branches from ‘5 to 1 in. long, bearing terminal umbels of 8-12 small 6-merous sub-globular flowers ‘1 in. in diam. Fruit elliptic, 6-ridged, 6-celled, crowned by the 6 short distinct styles, glabrous, pedicels °25—-3 in. long.
Sincapore; Ridley 447, 4591, 6012; Wray 2323; King’s Collector 3048. Jonore; King and Hullett. |
A species resembling H. dvaricata, Miq.; but having leaflets with fewer nerves and no reticulations, much longer panicles and narrower fruit. It is allied also to H. longifolium, Seem., but the leaflets of that species have greatly more numerous. ‘main nerves, and the panicles are densely clothed with broad scale-like hairs and have longer lateral branchlets.
16. HuprapLevrum Rrpury1, new species. Scandent; young ranches stout, glabrous. Leaves digitate; common petiole terete, glabrous, 5-10 in. long ; leaflets 5, very coriaceous, oblong, oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate-oblong, acute, slightly narrowed at the base; the edges
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 55
entire, very slightly revolute when dry; both surfaces glabrous, the reticulations faint when dry ; main nerves very slightly prominent on the lower surface, about 8 pairs, spreading, the intermediate nerves almost as conspicuous ; length 4—6°5 in., breadth *2-2°75 in.; petiolules unequal, °75-2°25 in. Panicle terminal, glabrous, 5 or 6 in. long, with several spreading branches; the branchlets few, about ‘5 in. long, each bearing an umbel of 10-20 globular flowers ‘15 in. in diam. Calyz- tube short, widely campanulate, the limb narrowed and truncate. Petals 5, elliptic, glabrous. Fruit ovoid, somewhat succulent, smooth, faintly 6-ridged, ‘25 in. long, 6-celled.
Sincapore ; Ridley 6336 and perhaps also 1890a.
17. HepraPLeURUM NERVOSUM, new species. A small shrub; branches with glabrous bark pale brown when dry. Leaves digitate; the common petiole terete, 2-2°25 in. long ; leaflets 6, very coriaceous, lanceolate, acute, the base narrowed; the edges entire, much recurved when dry; both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining, the lower dull; main nerves 7-10 pairs, straight, sub-horizontal, very prominent on the lower surface and deeply impressed on tle upper when dry, length 1-5-2°5 in., breadth 5-9 in.; petiolules unequal, the middle two about ‘75 in. long, the others about half as long. Panicle terminal, from 1-5-2 in. long, rusty-puberulous at first, afterwards glabrous, branches about 2, spreading, with short bracteoles at the base and above it, each ending in an umbel of 8-10 oblong pedicelled glabrous flowers ‘2 in. long, their pedicels *1-15 in. long. Calya-tube cylindric-campanulate, the limb truncate and entire. Petals narrowly triangular. Fruit rotund-ovoid, boldly 6-ridged, 6-celled, glabrous, °3 in. long.
PERAK, on Gunong Chabong; Scortechini.
A very distinct small species with rather large flowers and fruit for the genus, and prominently-nerved very coriaceous leaflets.
18. HeptapLeurum WRrayl, new species. A small tree; young branches as thick as a swan’s quill, furfuraceous. Leaves digitate; common petiole 6-9 in. long, slender, glabrous; leatlets 7-9, thinly coriaceous, elliptic, abruptly shortly and sharply acuminate, the base rounded, the edges with shallow distant sharp serrations ; upper surface glabrous, the lower glaucous and with scattered minute stellate hairy scales; main nerves 7 or 9 pairs, prominent beneath, length 3-5 in., breadth 1°75-2°25 in.; petiolules unequal, 1°5-2°5 in. long. Panicle terminal, longer than the leaves, furfuraceous stellate-pubescent, bearing a few rather distant, horizontal or deflexed many-flowered racemes, Flowers 15 in. in diam., their pedicels *2 in. long. Oulya-tube funnel- shaped, its mouth with 5 short triangular spreading teeth. Petals 5, elliptic-oblong, glabrous, reflexed. Fruit globular, prominently 5-ridged,
56 GG. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula’ [No. 1,
‘crowned by’ the long confuent column of styles, elabrous, 5- celled, “15 in. in diam. Prrak; on Gunong Brumber Paha at an siaiatise of about 7000 feet, Wray 1585. A very distinct species, at once distinguishable by its racemose panicles, and leaflets glaucous on the lower surface and with serrate edges. 19. - H&PTAPLEURUM BITERNATUM, Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 735. A shrub several feet high; the young shoots. and the under surfaces of the leaves deciduously stellate-pubescent. Leaves digitately decompound or twice pinnate, with ternate leaflets at each node of the rachis; leaflets coriaceous, narrowly-oblong, acuminate, entire, the pase slightly narrowed and rounded ; length 2-3°5 in., breadth *5-75 in., petiolules *1 in. long or less, that of the terminal leaflet -4 in.; both surfaces minutely reticuiate and shining, the upper glabrous, the lower with deciduous stellate pubescence. Panicle 8 in. long, but only abont 15 in. across ; the branches little- divided, stellate-hairy ; bracts decidu- ous, pedicels 2 in. long. Matacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 684. Known only by Maingay’s fragmentary specimens. 20. HepraAPLEURUM HETEROPHYLLUM, Seem. Rev. Hed. 40. A ‘bush ‘or small tree 8-12 feet high. Lower leaves large, ternately decompound, 24 in. across ; common petiole 12—24 in. long; the upper leaves smaller and only twice digitate ; the leaflets in all 3 to 5 on each petiolule, thinly coriaceous, variable in shape, oblong-lanceolate ‘to elliptic or broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, narrowed or rounded at the base; the edges entire, rarely with 1 or-2 teeth near the apex ; both sernels minutely reticulate and glabrous, the lower minutely dotted; length 2-5-7 or even 9 in., breadth 1-2°25 in.; petiolules of the Tones leaflets *1="25 j ins, that of fig terminal twice as fos Panicles with deciduous pale stellate ‘pubescence, solitary or several together, 10-15 in. long, and only 1°5-2 in. across; the branches horizontal, slender, each ending in an umbel of flowers on slender pedicels, the flowers bearing fertile pistils smaller than those with fertile stamens. Irwit narrowly oblong, boldly 5-ribbed, glabrous, 5-celled, nearly *25 in. long, claret-coloured when ripe. ‘Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 731. Hedera heterophylla, Wall. Cat. 4919; G. Don. Gen. Syst. HT, 394. Paratropia heteropha ylla, Presl ‘Epimel. Bot. 250; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1, Pt. J, 761. Penance; Wallich, Curtis 241, 2301 and possibly: 1950. PORAK Scortechini 145, 664; King’s Collector 718, 2688, 8640, 8769. 21. Kitsaolin ie i aoe Currtsti, new species. - A large shrub. Lower leaves bipinnate, the upper trifoliolate ; common petioles of both about 8 in. long; leaflets thinly coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, sometimes slightly
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 57
obovate, the apex shortly acuminate, the edges entire in the lower half but with a few unequal scanty coarse sharp teeth in the upper half; the base slightly narrowed, sometimes oblique; both surfaces quite glabrous, shining and finely reticulate when dry; length 3-6 in., breadth 1°5-2°5 in.; petiolules unequal, the lateral -1 in. long or absent, the terminal 35-8 in. Panicle terminal, shorter than the leaf-petioles, with several rusty stellate-tomentose bracts °75 in. long at its base, 2-branched; the branches narrow, sparsely covered with scurfy pubescence; the lateral branchlets about *75 in. long, slender, each bearing at its apex a crowded umbel of from 10-20 oblong flowers on pedicels *15-—3 in. long. Fruit oblong, boldly 5-ribbed, crowned by the conical disc bearing 5 small rounded stigmas at its corners, 5-celled. Penane; at Pulo Boetong, 1950.
I have seen only two specimens (and they are both of the same gathering) of this very distinct species.
4. Trevesta, Vis.
Shrubs or small trees, prickly or unarmed, glabrous or stellate- hairy. Leaves palmifid or palmisect; petioles often united by a wing at their base; stipules united within the petiole, or obsolete. Flowers polygamous, large for the Order; umbels panicled ; pedicels not jointed under the flower; bracts small or 0. Calyz-margin entire or toothed. Petals 8-12, valvate, somewhat thick, often cohering as a cap in the fertile flowers. Stamens equal in number to the petals. Ovary with as many cells as the petals; styles connate into a short column. Fruit ovoid, large for the Order. Seeds compressed; albumen uniform. Distris. Species about 10; natives of Hastern India, Malaya and Polynesia.
TREVESIA PALMATA, Vis. in Mem. Acad. Torino, Ser. 2, 1V, 262, with fig. A-small single-stemmed tree 10-25 feet high; young shoots ferru- ginous-pubescent and very prickly. Leaves coriaceous, large (12-24 in. in diam.), rotund in general outline, deeply palmatifid; or, in young shoots, palmatisect, widely cordate at the base, the lobes acuminate, their edges serrate or sometimes lobulate; glabrous when adult or with a few small rufous stellate hairs on the lower surface; the lobules contracted in the middle to a pseudo-petiolule (in var. cheirantha); petiole often prickly, 6 to 20in. long. Panicles 12-30 in. long, the branches spreading, when young clothed with reddish-brown tomentum ; bracts oblong, 1 in, long, usually deciduous; pedicels 1-15 in. long. Ilower-buds ‘12 in. in diam. Fruit ovoid-rotund, the ribs not prominent, crowned by the stout style, fleshy, ‘5 in.in diam. Seem. Rev. Hed. 77; Kurz For, Flora Burma, I, 539; Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. II, 732; Boerlage in Ann.
5. i, 8
58 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1],
Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg VI, 108. Gastonia palmata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33; Flor. Ind. II, 407; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 894. Giilibertia palmata, DC. Prodr. IV, 256. Hedera ferruginea and H. palmata, Wall. Cat. 4909 and 4910 (partly). Brassaiopsis confluens, Seem. Rev. Hed. 18 (as to the leaves). Aralia dubia, Spreng. Syst. Veg. IV, 2, p. 125.
Perak ; Scortechint ; King’s Collector 4436, 6715.
Var. cheirantha, Clarke in Flor. Br. Ind. II, 732; lamine of the lobes cut away in the middle so as to expose the midrib and form a ~ pseudo-petiolule. Hedera ? cheirantha, Jack in Wall. Cat. 4925; Wall. Cat. 4910 in part.
Perak ; Wray 2822; King’s Collector 2308 ; Scortechini 344.
5. Denpropanax, Decne and Planch.
Unarmed glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, entire, (palmate- ly 3-5-lobed on young shoots). Umbels solitary or in small panicles ; bracts small or none; pedicels not jointed under the flower. Limb of the calyx entire or 5-toothed. Petals 5, free, valvate, rather thick. Stamens 5. Styles united into a column at the base, free at the apex. Fruit globose or ellipsoid, succulent, distinctly or obscurely 5-ribbed. Seeds compressed ; albumen uniform. Dusrrir. about 12 species mostly tropical American ; one Japanese ; one Indo-Chinese.
DenpDROPANAX MAINGAYI, new species. A shrub; young branches with corky bark, pale-brown when dry, all parts except the umbels glabrous. Leaves alternate or sub-opposite, thinly coriaceous, oblong-ovate, oblong or lanceolate, acute ; the base rounded, sometimes slightly narrowed; the edges entire and slightly recurved when dry; both surfaces glabrous, dull, the midrib prominent on the lower and sending off near its base two boid curving nerves running at: some distance from the margin to the apex and, above the origin of these, 7-8 pairs of faint horizontal nerves ; length 2-3°25 in., breadth 1-1-75 in., petioles varying from °25-1°5 in, in length. Umbel simple, terminal, its pedicel °35—5 in. long; flowers 8-12, oblong, pedicelled, -2 in. Jong, their pedicels °25--4 in. long. Calyx cylindric-campanulate, puberulous, its mouth with 5 sharp triangular teeth. Petals broadly lanceolate, acute, quite free. Fruit globular, succulent, glabrons, °3 in. in diam. JD. parviflorwm, Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. (not of Bentham).
Maxacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 682; Grifith 2685-1. Purax ; Scortechini. 308.
This Dendropanax, found in Malacca and Perak, does not agree with specimens of D. parviflorum, Benth., collected in Hongkong. It appears to me to be a distinct species hitherto un-named,
1898.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 59
6. ARTHROPHYLLUM, Blume.
Shrubs or small trees, unarmed. Leaves glabrous or sub-glabrou the lower large and compoundly pinnate, the uppermost opposite and simple, the intermediate 3-foliolate; leaflets easily separable from the rachis; stipules forming a ligule within the petiole. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel, the terminal umbellules peduncled; bracts very small; pedicel not jointed under the flower. Calyx-teeth 5, small. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled; style short, simple. Fruit (in the Indian species) ovoid, not angular. Seed sub- globose; albumen ruminate. Disrris. Species 3, Malayan.
The l-celled ovary is anomalous in this Order, and this genus was excluded from Araliacie by Seemann.
Lower leaves pinnately decompound ye we L. A. diversifolium.
Lower leaves simply pinnate, or at most bipinnate .. 2. A. pinnatum.
1, ARTHROPHYLLUM DiversIFoLIoM, Blume Bijdr. 879. A shrub or small tree, all parts except the umbels glabrous. Lower leaves large, pinnately decompound, with pairs of opposite leaflets at the main divisions, the upper leaves smaller and simply pinnate, and the upper- most of all trifoliolate or simple ; leaflets coriaceous, oblong or elliptic, acute, narrowed at the base, entire; length 1°5-3 in., breadth 1°25-2°25 in.; petiolules ‘25-45 in., slender. Inflorescence a compound umbel ; the peduncles of the ultimate umbels unequal, covered with warm brown deciduous stellate tomentum ; lengthening in fruit to *5-1°5 in.; pedicels *25 in. long; fruit ovoid-globose, not ridged, crowned by the conical disc, glabrous. Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 734; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 767. A. javanicum, Blume Bijdr. 879; DC. Prodr. IV, 266; Kurz For. Flor. I, 540. A. ellipticum, Blume and DC. 1. c. A. Blumeanum, Zoll. & Mor. Verz. 41; Mig. l. c. 1, 768. A. ovali- folium, Jungh. & De Vriese in Miq. 1. c. t. 14. Panaz polycarpum, Wall. Cat. 4930. P. Jackianum, Wall. Cat. 4931. Hedera Jackiana, G. Don Gen. Syst. III, 394. H.? ovata, Wall. Cat. 4911. Hupteron, sp. nov. Kurz Andam. Rep. Suppl. B 9.
Manacea ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. 2675). Sincarporr; Anderson 48, 185; Hullett 351, 393; Ridley, 5838. Prnana; Curtis 781. Prrak Wray 2012, 3063; King’s Collector and Scortechini, many numbers, ANDAMAN Istanps; Kurz.
2. ARTHROPHYLLUM PINNATUM, Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. If, 734. A bush; all parts glabrous. Leaves pinnate, rarely bipinnate or simple; the pinnate ones 12-18 in. long and with 5-17 leaflets ; leaflets varying in size, coriaceous, lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, taper- ing to the base; the edges entire, glabrous; length 1:25-4 in., breadth ‘4-1 in., petiolule absent or only ‘1 in. in length. Umbels with few
60 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1,
umbellules, their peduncles 1°5-2 in. long; pedicels glabrous or with rusty stellate deciduous pubescence; fruit sub-globose, shining, °15 in. in diam. Panax pinnatum, Lamk. Dict. I, 715; DC. Prodr. IV, 254; Wall. Cat. 9057. P. secunda, Schultz Syst. VI, 215. Nothopanaz ? pinnatum, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 766.
PenanG; Wallich, Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 679. Matacca; Main- gay 677; Griffith (Kew Distrib.) 2676; Ridley 3224. Perak; Wray 330, 1475; Scortechini 352.
7. WaArDENIA, new genus.
A miniature tree with prickly stem, otherwise unarmed. Leaves coriaceous, simple, on long terete petioles expanded at the base into a short sheath with 2 minute stipules on its inner surface. Inflores- cence a terminal shortly-branched compound umbel. Flowers herma- phrodite. Calyx-twbe narrowly campanulate, its limb with 5, small, spreading teeth. Petals 5, calyptrate, their edges slightly infolded, vaivate below, slightly imbricate near the apex; the midribs prominent on the inner surface. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals; the fila- ments short, straight; the anthers versatile; the cells linear, quite separate from each other, each united by. its middle to the tip of the filament. Disc large, fleshy, convex, covering the whole of the apex of the ovary, slightly 5-lobed. Styles united to form a short thick column without any distinct stigmatic enlargement; ovary l- celled, with 2 parallel pendulous ovules. Frwit 2-celled, by the form- ation of a dissepiment not present in the ovary, 2-seeded ; seeds com- pressed. A single species.
This genus is allied to Arthrophyllum ; but its ovaries, although one-celled, have two pendulous ovules. The fruit, however, is two-celled, by the subsequent form- ation of a dissepiment, and is 2-seeded. The leaves moreover are all simple. The seeds of the few specimens which I have seen are quite young and the nature of the albumen cannot be made out. I have named the genus in honour of my friend Brigade-Surgeon Lt.-Colonel C. J. H. Warden, a distinguished pharm and one of the authors of the Pharmacographia Indica.
WARDENIA SIMPLEX, King. A shrub 6-8 in. high, deciduously rufous-pubescent towards the apex, prickly near the base. Leaves simple, elliptic, tapering gradually to the shortly acuminate apex, not narrowed to the slightly cordate base; both surfaces bearing minute scattered rusty stellate hairs; length 8-15 in., breadth 3°5-7 in., petiole 5-10 in. Flower buds ‘1 in. in diam., conical; pedicels *6—9 in. long, slender, rusty-pubescent, the umbels 10-20-flowered. Calyx slightly rusty-pubescent. Petals glabrous. Fruit elliptic-globose, sub- glabrous, *2 in, long, crowned by the calyx and by the slender conic stylar column.
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 62
Perak; near Ulu Kerling, King’s Collector in flower during March only once collected.
8. HeteEropanax, Seem.
A small unarmed tree. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, very large, pinnately decompound, stipules not prominent. Panicles large, the branches bearing umbels, stellate-hairy ; bracts of umbels small, ovate, obtuse, persistent; pedicels not jointed to the flowers. Flowers polyga- mous, the female flowers most numerous in the terminal umbel. Calyz- limb minutely toothed. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5, filaments filiform, anthers ovate. Disk nearly flat; ovary 2-celled; styles 2, slender, free from the base, spreading, the stigmas sub-terminal. Fruit laterally compressed, coriaceous, almost didymous, 2-seeded. Seeds compressed, albumen ruminate. Species 1 or 2; Indo-Chinese.
HETEROPANAX FRAGRANS, Seem. Rev. Hed. 73. A tree 40-60 feet high ; all parts glabrous. Leaves large, the lower often 3 feet across, pinnately decompound, tke pinnae with a pair of opposite leaflets at their forks; leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate; the base slightly oblique, not narrowed; variable in size (2°5-5 in. long, and 15-25 in. broad) ; petiolules of lateral leaflets ‘1-2 in. long, that of the terminal one ‘8-1 in. Panicles terminal, longer than the leaves ; flowers small, whitish-tomentose, in small condensed umbels, their pedicels under ‘25 in. long; fruit compressed, sub-reniform, sub- glabrous, slightly glaucous, ‘35 in. across. Brandis For. Flora 249 Kurz For. Flora Burma, J, 541; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 734. Panax fragrans, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21; Flor. Ind. II, 76; Wall. Cat. 4929; DC. Prodr. IV, 254 (excl. syn. of Don).
Anpaman Istanps; King’s Collector. Disvris. Brit. India, Java, China.
9. Brassatopsis, Decne. & Planch.
Large shrubs or trees, glabrous or tomentose, armed or not. Leaves digitate or palmate or angled; stipules connate within the petiole, not prominent. Umbels in large compound panicles, young parts at least stellately tomentose ; bracts not large, often persistent; pedicels rising from a dense cluster of persistent bracteoles, not jointed under the often polygamous flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Petuls 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, united, long or short. Fruit broadly globose or turbinate, 2- or (by abortion) 1-seeded. Seed not com- pressed; albumen ruminated. Drsrris. Species 11 ; Northern Brit. India to Java.
Brassalopsis pALMATA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XXXIX
62 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
(1870) Pt. Il, 77. A small sparingly prickly tree with simple stem slightly branched near the top; young shoots covered with tawny or rusty scurfy tomentum. eaves crowded at the ends of the stem and branches, large, 9-15 in. across, coriaceous, rotund in general outline, cordate at the base, palmately lobed about half or more than half way down; the lobes 5-9, oblong, or sometimes sinuate towards the base, acumi- nate, serrate; upper surface glabrous, lower sub-glabrous; the petiole 10-20 in. long, without prickles, scurfy-tomeutose when young, ultimately glabrous. Inflorescence rusty-tomentose, terminal, panicled, the ultimate branches bearing many-flowered bracteolate umbels; flowers ‘15 in, across, their pedicels ‘5-7 in. long; rim of calyx narrow, irregularly toothed. Fruit broadly elliptic or turbinate, terete, ‘3 in. long, as large as a pea, crowned by the slender column of connate styles; cocci 1 or 2, with chartaceous pericarp, l-seeded. Kurz For. Flor. Burma J, 537; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 735. Panax pulmatum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21; Flor. Ind. Il, 74. Hedera polycantha, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iI, t. 190; Cat. 4907 B.
This species is closely allied to B. Hainla, Seem., from which it differs chiefly in having leaves with deeper narrower more serrate lobes, and also in having rusty instead of pale tomentum on the young shoots and inflorescence. Thetwo are in my opinion rather too closely allied to be kept distinct as species. In his distribution, Wallich issued both under the name Hedera polycantha and the number 4907. |
Purak ; Scortechinit 17, 1146; Ridley 3018; King’s Collector 2598. Distris. Brit. India, along the base of the Himalaya; Assam and Burma,
Var. andamanica, lobes of leaves obovate-oblong, the edges almost entire; inflorescence a narrow panicle nearly as long as the leaves. Araliopsis andamanica, Kurz in Andaman Report, App. B, 9.
ANDAMAN Istanns ; Kurz, King’s Collectors.
10. Heprropsis, C. B. Clarke.
A glabrous unarmed tree. Leaves 1-3-foliolate; leaflets lanceolate, denticulate or nearly entire; base of petiole much dilated; stipules inconspicuous. Umbels panicled; bracts and bracteoles deciduous . pedicels jointed close under the flowers. Calyx margined, somewhat prominently 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled ; styles connate. Fruit berried, large, sub-globose, crowned by the stout persistent style. Seeds 5-4; albumen ruminated.
Heperopsis Matneayi, Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. India, II, 739. Leaflets of the compound leaves membranous, ovate-lanceolate, acumi- nate, narrowed at the base, nerves faint, length 3-5 in., breadth 1°5-2
1898.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 63
in., petiolules ‘1-2 in. Simple leaves as long as 8'5 in. and about 4 in.
broad; petiole 1-2 inches. Inflorescence a panicle of umbels with
puberulous peduncles 1 in. or more long. Calya-tube sub-globular, puberulous. Petals ovate-lanceolate, spreading, ‘15 in. long, Fruit (un- ripe) more than ‘5 in. long, including the conical disc and persistent style.
Matacca ; Maingay (Kew Distrib.) 683.
This plant has not been collected since Maingay’s time, and it is known only from his fragmentary specimens.
11., Touprpantavs,. H, f. &.T.
A large glabrous shrub, at first erect but afterwards a lofty climber. Leaves digitate ; leaflets glabrous, leathery, entire; stipules connate within the petiole. Inflorescence a compound umbel or small panicle ; pedicels thick, not jointed under the flowers. Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals closely connate, falling offina cap. Stamens very many, in two or several series. Ovarian cells and stigmas very numerous; the latter sessile, radiating, crowded but not connate. Fruit globose, depressed, succulent.
T'UPIDANTHUS CALYPTRATUS, Hook. fil. and Thoms. in Bot. Mag. t. 4908. Leaflets 7-9, oblong or oblong-obovate, acute or blunt, 4-7 in. long, and 1:75-3'5 in. broad, the petiolules 1-2 in.; the common petiole 6-15 in. Inflorescence umbellate, 3-4-branched; the branches stout, short and with large coriaceous bracts at their bases; the ultimate umbels with 3-7 pedicellate flowers nearly 1 in. across ; calyx- tube glabrous, thickly coriaceous. Stamens 50-70, crowded. Fruit sub-globose, succulent, 1°25-1'5 in. in diam. when ripe. Seem, Rev. Hed, 6; Clarke in Hook. fil, Flor.Br. Ind. IT, 740.
Perak; on Gunong Ulu Sungei, elevat. 4500 feet; Wray 1594. Distrts. Burma; Khasia Hills and probably Java. Mr. Wray’s specimens were collected at an elevation much higher than this
species ever ascends to in British India. They have smaller leaves with blunt leaflets, but are otherwise indistinguishable from the British Indian plant.
64 ¥. Finn— Plumage of Honeysucker, [ No},
Note on the Seasonal change of Plumage in the males of the Purple Honeysucker ( Arachnechthra asiatica) and of an analogous American bird (Coereba cyanea).—By F, Finn, B.A., F.Z.8., Deputy Super-
intendent, Indian Museum. [Received and Read January 4th, 1898.]
Dr. Jerdon in his “ Birds of India” (Vol I, p.870) and Captain Shelley, in his Monograph of the Crnnyridae, agree in assigning to the male of our common Purple Honeysucker (Arachnecthra astatica) besides its characteristic dress, a plumage much resembling that of the female, but marked with a broad purple streak down the ventral surface. Dr H. Gadow, however, in the British Museum Catalogue volume (IX, p. 58), dealing with these birds, ignores this change of plumage; and Mr. Oates, in his “ Birds of British Burmah” (Vol. I, p. 322), states that the change does not take place in that country, “for fuall- plumaged males may be obtained all the year round.” He believes also that the young males of this species are clothed in female plumage all through their first winter, and thinks that the abundance of such has probably given rise to the belief in a change of plumage.
With all due deference to the opinion of so excellent an ornithologist as Mr. Oates, however, I venture to suggest that he is wrong, and that the authors previously cited are right, with respect to this change of plumage, at any rate in Indian examples.
In the first place, the presence of full-plumaged birds all the year round is of very little weight in disproving this change. Marked in- dividual variations occur in the period of change of plumage by birds which possess more than one dress, and specimens of such species may be found in more or less full-plumage and undress at the same date, as I have myself seen in Ducks and Dabchicks.
This consideration disposes, I think, of Mr. Oates’ first argument, but I have better evidence to bring forward.
About the middle of July last year (1897) in view of my approaching visit to England on leave, I procured a number of Honeysuckers in the hope of being able to take some alive to the London Zoological Gardens, where such birds have never previously been exhibited. All the birds I kept, with one exception, were Arachnecthra zeylonica, but I had, and brought home safely, one male specimen of the species I am now considering.
This bird, when I got it, was in heavy moult, and mostly purple in colour, but to my great surprise (I had taken it fora young male assuming full-plumage) it gradually lost this hue, and by the time I
1898. | F. Finn — Plumage of Honeysucker. 65
started for England, in the first week in August, it was in the non- breeding dress, brown above and yellow below, with the median purple streak, but still retaining the orange axillary tufts.
This specimen, unfortunately, only survived its advent at the Zoological Gardens for about a fortnight* and I do not know whether it was preserved ; if it was, it was probably put in spirit, as the moult had never been properly completed, and so the plumage was in bad order. It had, however, lived long enough to show that the change above referred to does really take place; for that captivity could have so affected the bird as to change the colour of the actually growing feathers, I am not inclined to admit, and I therefore conclude that the accounts which give this bird a change of plumage are quite correct.
While on this subject, it seemed to me that I might draw the atten- tion of ornithologists to a similar change, apparently hitherto unrecord- ed, in a bird which, though not believed to be allied to our Sunbirds, and inhabiting the New World, nevertheless in form and habits presents at least an analogical resemblance to these. I allude to the Yellow- winged Blue Sugar-bird (Coereba cyanea) of which several specimens have been exhibited in the London Zoological Society’s Gardens.
During my previous acquaintance with the species there, I had been struck by the change of plumage that the male appeared to under- go, and when in England last September, [ found the Society’s single Specimen, a male which had been acquired as long ago as 1890, actually passing into the full violet plumage from the undress stage, which had been olive-green above, and yellowish below, much resembling the coloration of the female. The tail was black, and the wings yellow and black, and the legs pink-red, as in the male in full plumage, In fact,
* T ascribe my small measure of success with living Sunbirds to the fact that
I fed them too much on “‘slops”” —~sweetened milk or milk-sop. In addition to some such food given at first it would, I think, be well to supply crumbled yolk of hard- boiled egg mixed with powdered sugar, and to-keep them as much on this as possi- ble, with fruit also. None of the Arachnecthra zeylonica I had survived the voyage but one, and this died in the train en route from Plymouth to London. I saw this bird bullying the A. asiatica one occasion at least, and I had previously noticed that the latter bird appeared somewhat to fear its companions. When all were together in a big cage in Calcutta it kept almost entirely to one twig in the branch put in this cage, and was in general less active in its movements than A. zeylonica, though it seemed less sensitive to cold on the voyage. None of the male A. zeylonica, some of which were monlting, showed any sign of changing their bright plumage for a duller one, as suggested by Captain Shelley in his account of the species in the Monograph above quoted. Neither did they molest each other, while I remember having had to separate two male specimens of A. asiatica which I had previously kept, because one was getting so badly bullied by the other, FF.
on Ir. 9
66 F. Finn— Long-Snouted Whip-Snake. [No. 1,
the bird presented much the same appearance as a skin (21280 in Register, exhibited on this occasion) in the Museum collection, except that there were many more violet feathers visible.
The keepers I consulted bore me out as to the regular occurrence of the change of plumage in the male of this species; and one was of the opinion that the quills and tail changed also; but this I do not recollect seeing myself. Unfortunately this bird also soon after died, and was not preserved.
The existence of this change of colouration in the male of a Coereba is interesting as tending to confirm the views of those naturalists (Dr. Sclater and Messrs. Baird, Brewer and Ridgway), who place the Coerebidae in close connection with the Tanagers, in which group the male of Pyranga rubra exhibits a similar seasonal alteration of plumage.
Note on the Long-Snouted Whip-Snake (Dryophis mycterizans).—By F. Finn, B.A., F.Z.8., Deputy Superintendent, Indian Museum.
[ Received and Read, January 5th, 1898.]
A common belief in India accredits the Whip-Snake with the propensity for deliberately striking at the eye. As this trait is not alluded to by either Dr. Giinther or Dr. Boulenger in their accounts of the Indian Reptilia, 1 venture here to bring forward an instance which shows that the notion above noticed is really correct.
On December Ist, 1897, a bird-catcher, with whom I had pre- viously had dealings, brought to my quarters two specimens of the Long-Snouted Whip-Snake (Dryophis mycterizans) for sale. Knowing them to be harmless, and the vendor having no fear of them, I took both in my hands and went to show them to a friend who was in an adjoiing room; the larger one* having meanwhile struck at my hand, without breaking the skin. As I was exhibiting the snakes, 1 was rather unpleasantly surprised by finding this large specimen suddenly dart at my eye, and inflict a bite on it, which, as I had instinctively closed the threatened organ, only resulted in some small punctures on the eyelids, which were just sufficient to draw a little blood. The posi- tion of these, two on the upper, and one on the lower eyelid, sufficiently shows, I think, the deliberateness of the reptile’s aim. Of course I suffered no inconvenience from the bite, although on rubbing my eye
* This stuffed skin of this specimen was exhibited, together with a sketch of the bitten eye made by the Museum artist, to show the position of the tooth-marks.
i,
1898. ] A. Alcock — Careinological Fauna of India. 67 a few hours afterwards, I removed a tooth rather over 35 inch long from the puncture in the lower eyelid. This, however, after being examined under the microscope by Dr. Alcock and myself, proved not to be a grooved one, so that this little experience throws no light on the possible effects of Dryophis fangs on the human subject; I think, however, that it may be fairly allowed, in connection with the belief above mentioned, to upset the reputation for gentleness which Dr. Boulenger awards to the species.* I may say that I was not holding the snake roughly or maltreating it in any way, and that when confined afterwards in a glass case it repeatedly struck at anyone who came near, seeming to aim particularly at the face, though it soon recognized, apparently, the futility of attacking glass.
This intelligence in attack was again shown subsequently, when, having transferred the snake to a large cage of wire gauze, I endeavour- ed to make it attack a Gecko. This it would not do even when the lizard was thrown absolutely in its face, darting open-mouthed at me instead. It similarly refused to bite a handkerchief with which I teased it, though I have succeeded in getting Dendrophis pictus (a black Andaman variety) to do this.
Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No.3. The Brachyura Cyclometopa. PartI. The Family Xanthide.—By A. Aucock, M.B., C.M.Z.S., Superintendent of the Indian Museum.
[Received 20th March. Read 6th April, 1898. ]
The family Xanthidsx, as here defined, includes the Cancridx (with- out Cancer and Pirimela) and the Hriphiide (without Oethra) of Dana’s system.
It is a family which, as most authors have remarked, it is almost impossible to divide into groups that shall be at once natural and sharply defined, owing to the numerous intergradations of form that exist.
The Indian species of this family, so far as I have been able to discover, number 153, of which all but the following 14 are represented in the Indian Museum :—
Carpilodes venosus Hdw., Carpilodes margaritatus A. M. Hdw., Lachnopodus rodgerst Stimpson, Lophactzxa fissa Henderson, Lophozozymus
* IT hope this will not be taken as captious criticism of Dr. Boulenger’s work, for which I entertain the sincerest admiration, especially since I know that gentle- man to be in the habit of studying reptiles in life when opportunity offers.
F, F.
68 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1,
cristatus A. M. Edw., Hypocoelus rugosus Henderson, Cycloranthus lineatus A. M. Edw., Halimede thurstont Henderson, Cymo tuberculatus Ortmann, Pilumnus labyrinthicus Miers, Actwmnus verrucosus Henderson, Actumnus nudus A. M. Edw., Heteropanope eucratoides Stimpson, Hurycarcinus maculatus A. M. Kdw.
The new species described in this paper have almost all been obtained by the ‘‘ Investigator” and will be figured in the Illustrations of the Zoology of the Investigator for the year 1899, the original drawings for which are now in course of preparation,
Tribe CYCLOMETOPA.
Cyclométopes Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 264, 363 (part.)
Cancroidea, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 142 (part.)
Cyclométopes, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (4) XIV. 1860, p. 183.
Cyclometopa or Cancroidea, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 106 (part.)
Cancroidea Portuninea and Cancroidea Cyclometopa (part.) Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VII. 1893-94, pp. 65 and 411.
Carapace, almost without exception, broader than long, the antero- lateral borders generally arched, sometimes very strongly so, the postero- lateral borders generally convergent, sometimes very strongly so: the front broadish or broad, horizontal or obliquely deflexed, not rostrate.
Buccal cavern square-cut, commonly broader than long: the palp of the external maxillipeds articulating at or near the antero-internal angle of the merus.
Epistome transverse, short fore and aft.
The antennules generally fold nearly transversely.
The abdomen of the male occupies all the space between the last pair of legs.
Branchie nine pairs; their efferent channels opening on either side of the palate.
The genital ducts of the male open at the bases of the last pair of legs.
The Cyclométopes of Milne Edwards includes the genus Mthra which, following Miers, has been relegated to the Oxyrhyncha in this series of papers, and excludes the Telphusidx, which by all subsequent writers have been regarded as true Cyclometopes.
The Cancroidea of Dana includes the genus Acanthocyclus. My only knowledge of this genus is derived from drawings and descriptions, which do not as yet satisfy me that Acanthocyclus is more nearly related to the Cyclometopes than to other groups.
The Cyclometopa of Miers includes not only Acanthocyclus, but,
1898. | A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 69
following Claus, the Corystoidea. Now undoubtedly several of the forms included under the Corystoidea have very close relations with Cancer and Pirimela; and if Cancer and Pirimela are regarded as typical Catametopes then such (Corystoid) forms as Atelecyclus and a tartum may also be classed as Cyclometopes.
In this preliminary paper I prefer not to take Cancer as an ideal Cyclometope, and to leave the Corystoidea for future consideration.
The Cyclometopa of Ortmann includes the family Parthenopide, which in this series of papers has, in accordance with the views of other authors, been considered with the Oxyrhyncha; and also the Corystoid genera Atelecyclus and Hypopeltarium, the Cancrine affinities of which have been admitted. I cannot, however, think that the removal of the Parthenopide from their long approved position, as Oxyrhynchs showing a connexion between that type and the Cancrine type, serves any useful purpose.
For the purposes of this paper the Cyclometopa are divided into the following families :—
I. Cancridx, in which the fold of fe antennules is (oneal or obliquely longitudinal, and the anterior boundary of the buccal cavern is somewhat indefinite, being more or less overlapped by the external maxillipeds.
Of this family, of which Cancer and Pirimela are types, no repre- sentative is known in the Indian Seas.
II. Xanthidx, in which the fold of the antennules is transverse or obliquely transverse, and the anterior boundary of the buccal cavern is raised and sharply defined, so that the external maxillipeds commonly shut close against it unless they fall short of it.
Ill. Portunide, in which the fifth pair of legs is peculiarly modified for swimming and usually has the propodite and dactylus singularly broad thin and paddle-like.
IV. Telphuside, in which the form is Grapsoid, the branchial regions being much dilated. The members of this family inhabit fresh water and, sometimes, damp jungle.
The present paper refers to the family Xanthidex.
Family XANTHID A.
Canceriens arqués et quadrilatéres Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 369.
Cancridez (exc. Cancrine et ?Polydectine) and Hriphide (exc. Oethrine) Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust., pt. I. pp. 147, 228.
Canceriens (exc. Oethra, Cancérides et Pirimélides) A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1863, pp. 177-182.
Cancridz (exc. Cancer), Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 106.
Xanthini (exc. Thiidx), Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1893-94, p, 412.
70 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. ],
Carapace transversely oval or transversely hexagonal or subquad- rate or (rarely) subcircular, but almost always broader than long. Front broadish or very broad, never in the form of a rostrum. The fold of the antennules is transverse or obliquely transverse. Antennary flagella short or slender. Anterior margin of buccal cavern very well defined, not overlapped by the external maxillipeds. Legs gressorial.
The Xanthide may be divided, according to the character of the palate emphasized by Dana, into two sections, as follows :—
I. Hyperomerista, in which the efferent branchial channel on either side is defined by a ridge on either side of the palate,—the ridge extend- ing right up to the anterior border of the buccal cavern.
II. Hyperolissa, in which ridges defining the efferent branchial channels are either altogether absent or are present on the posterior part of the palate only. :
I do not think that these sections, depending on a single variable character, should be considered as families, or even as subfamilies.
The section Hyperolissa, which corresponds to Dana’s family Cancride, minus Cancer and Pirimela and Polydectus, is here subdivided into 3 subfamilies, hereafter characterized, namely, Xanthine, Acting, and Chlorodine.
The section Hyperomerista, which corresponds to Dana’s family Eriphiide, minus Oethra, is here subdivided into 4 subfamilies, hereafter characterized, namely, Menippine, Oziine, Pilumnine and Hriphiine.
The genus Platypilumnus, Wood-Mason MS., Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. May 1894, p. 401, and Illustrations of the Zoology of the Investigator, Crustacea pl. xiv. fig. 6, probably belongs to this family and to the section Hyperolissa, and is probably related most nearly to Galene ; but as I have only a single female specimen to go by its exact position must remain undecided.
The following artificial key is meant to serve for the discrimination of the Indian genera of this family :—
A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 71
1898.)
‘VE LOVHdO'T
“‘SILVOUALY
"SATHOOOdA
*valyd
‘aC aNITY
"SONNGHOATOG
Ceorescreocateoveorcs ivjnuvis 104J0 ‘pornyd|nos ][o4 oovdvieo jo suolseiqus pue suoisey J **“paqvorpur Ajonsea ATCO JO [|B Jv JOU JOTzI10 SUOISEI OY} YALA YJoowsS APJOoj10d oovdereg 4 —: pejutod davys suosuyg ‘ su0ty
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[No, I,
A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India.
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[No. l,
A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India.
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1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. Ge
Section I. Hyperolissa.
Xanthids in which the efferent branchial channels are not defined by a complete ridge on either side of the palate.
Subfamily I. XANTHINA.
Carapace usually much broader than long, usually transversely oval, sometimes transversely hexagonal. The front is contained from 35 to 53 times in the greatest breadth of the carapace.
Alliance TI. CarprtnioipA. Carapace broad, transversely oval, the antero-lateral border either entire, or divided into a few broad, shallow, rounded lobes. Legs sub-cylindrical. Abdomen of the male with the 3rd and 4th, or usually the 3rd, 4th and 5th segments fused together.
Alliance IT. Zozymorpa. Carapace broad, transversely oval, the antero-lateral border in the form of a sharp crest which may be either thin and entire (fissured only) or cut into 4 large teeth, Legs with at least the upper border of the merus carpus and propodus sharply eristiform. Abdomen of the male with the 8rd, 4th and Sth somites fused.
Alliance III. EHvuxantnota. Carapace broad, tranversely oval, very profusely areolated in high relief; the antero-lateral borders are continued below the orbits to the outer angle of the buccal cavern. The basal antennal joint has its outer angle prolonged and impacted in the orbital hiatus, and the antennary flagellum, which is hardly visible without a lens, arises within the orbit. The abdomen of the male has the 3rd, 4th and 5th somites fused.
Alliance IV. Xanruorpa. Front almost always prominent, square- cut (notched or fissured in the middle line) and sublaminar, and almost always separated from either supra-orbital margin by a deepish notch. Carapace broad (except Medzxus and Httsodes), usually transversely oval, but sometimes more hexagonal; the antero-lateral border usually cut _ into sharp teeth. Male abdomen with segments 3-6 fused.
Alliance V. MHatimepompa. Front prominent and square-cut. Carapace pentagonal, moderately broad. Abdomen of the male with all 7 segments distinct, the last segment being more than twice as long as any of the others.
Alliance VI. Gatenormpa. Carapace broad, pentagonal approach- ing the quadrilateral, the antero-lateral border hardly longer than the postero-lateral. The basal antennal joint does not nearly reach the front. The abdomen of the male has all 7 segments distinct. The sole type, Galene, is so singular that it might be separated as a distinct subfamily.
78 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1,
Subfamily IJ]. ACTAEIN A.
Carapace usually much broader than long and usually very pro- fusely and profoundly lobulated; the antero-lateral border is either divided into 4 blunt lobes, or crenated. The front is about a third the greatest breadth of the carapace, sometimes a little more, sometimes a little less, and is divided into two rather prominent usually round- pointed lobes.
Subfamily II. CHLORODINA.
Carapace hexagonal or transversely oval, or subcircular (Cymo) or approaching the subcireular (Cyclodius). Front from a third to half the greatest breadth of the carapace—much broader than in the preced- ing subfamilies.
Alliance I. XantHopnoipa. Carapace transversely oval, front a third or little less than a third the greatest breadth of the carapace, fingers not hollowed at tip.
Alliance II. Cutoropioipa. Carapace transversely oval, front nearer half than a third the greatest breadth of the carapace, fingers hollowed at tip.
Alliance III. Cymorpa. Carapace subcircular, flat; front about half the greatest breadth of the carapace: chelipeds remarkably un- equal.
Subfamily I, XANTHIN A. Alliance I. Carpilioida.
Carpilius. Liomera. Liagore. Carpilodes. Lioxanutho. Lachnopodus.
Carpitius, Leach, Desmarest, A. M. Edw.
Carpilius, Leach, Desmarest Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 104 (footnote).
Carpilius, Riippell, 24 Krabben roth. Meer. p. 13 (part).
Carpilius, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I, 380.
Carpilius, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 16.
Carpilius, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. p. 159.
Carpilius, A. Mitne Epwarps. Ann, Scr. Nar. Zoot. (iv.) XVIII. 1862, p. 46, and Novy. ArcuHiv. Dv Mos. I. 1865, p. 212, and Miss. Sci. Mex., Crust. p. 238.
Carpilius, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 110.
Carapace broad, very convex in both directions, smooth (except for some coarse pitting inside the frontal and antero-lateral border), with no indication of regions; its antero-lateral borders strongly-arched, thick, entire, smoothly-moulded ; its postero-lateral borders strongly-conver-
1898. | A, Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 79
gent, straight, with a prominent tubercle at the angle of junction with the antero-lateral.
Front moderately broad, (less than a third the greatest width of carapace ) deflexed, 3-lobed, the middle lobe prominent and _ bilobulate, the edges of all thickened.
Orbital margins entire, the upper margin thickened and forming a well-marked blunt tooth at its junction with the antero-lateral margin. Eyes on short thick stalks.
Antennules folding obliquely, almost transversely : inter-antennu- lary septum broad.
Basal joint of antenne long, flat, running up into an oblique cleft between the margin of the front and the infra-orbital plate; the antennary flagellum very small, less than half the diameter of the orbit and lodged in the said cleft.
Merus of the external maxillipeds with its anterior border very oblique. 3
Chelipeds massive, smooth, unequal in both sexes; the fingers bluntly pointed, those of the larger cheliped with a single pair of ‘molariform teeth, those of the smaller cheliped with a blunt cutting- edge.
Legs smooth, sub-cylindrical.
Abdomen of male six-jointed—the 5rd and 4th somites fused with obliteration of sutures, the 5th somite also immovably adherent to the Ath. Large crabs.
Key to the Indian species of Carpilius.
1. Carapace with definitely disposed large red blots we OC. maculatus. 2. Carapace irregularly marbled with red oa «. OC. conveaus.
1. Carpilius maculatus, ( Linn.)
Cancer ruber, Rumph, Amboinsche Rariteitkamer, p. 18, pl. x. fig. 1.
Cancer saxatile, Seba, Thesaurus, III. 47, pl. xix. fig. 12.
Cancer maculatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. (xii.) p. 1042: Fabricius, Ent. Syst. II. 447, and Suppl. p. 338: Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 185, pl. vi. fig. 41, and I. ii. 263, pl. xxi. fig. 118, and III. iv. 8, pl. 1x. fig. 2: Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 14,
Carpilius maculatus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 382, and in Cuvier Régne Animal, Crust. pl. xi. fig. 2: De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p., 7 (name only): Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust. pt. I. p. 160: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 32: Alph. Milne Edwards, in Maillard’s Pile Réunion, Annexe F, p. 3, and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. 1. 1865, p. 214 and 1X. 1878, p. 175: Heller, Reise Novara, Crust. p.9: Hess, Archiv. fur Naturges. XXXI. i. 1865, pp. 183 and 171: Hoffmann, in Pollen and Van Dam, Faun. Madagasc., Crust. p. 3; Richters in Mobius Meeresf. Maurit. p. 145: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel. VIII. 1886, p. 473: Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 111: de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 231, and Zool.
80 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [ No. 1,
Jahrbuch., Syst. VIII. 1895, p. 496: Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napol. III. 1889, p. 189: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1898, p. 353: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst. VII. 1894, p. 469.
Front obliquely deflexed, the median lobe very decidedly bilobulate and separated from the lateral lobes on either side by a deep notch.
Carapace with not less than eleven large roundish dark-red blots (which seem never to competely fade even in very old Museum speci- mens) disposed as follows :—two on either side immediately behind the eye, the smaller and anterior one of these involving the orbital margin ; three in a transverse curve across the middle of the carapace; four in another transverse line just in front of the posterior margin.
Hight specimens, from the Andamans, Nicobars, and Palk Straits.
2. Carzilius convexus, (Forskal) Riippell.
Cancer convezus, Forskal, Descr. Anim. p. 88.
Cancer adspersus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 264, pl. xxi. fig. 1.
Cancer marmarinus, Herbst, Krabben, III, iv. 7, pl. lx, fig. 1.
Carpilius convexus, Ruppell, 24 Krabben roth. Meer. p. 13, pl. iii, fig. 2 and pl. vi. fig. 6: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 382, pl. xvi. figs. 9, 10: DeHaan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p.17 (name only): Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 159, pl. vii. fig. 5: Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 32: Heller, SB. Ak. Wien XLITII. 1861, p. 319: Alph. Milne Edwards in Maillard’s Vile Réunion Annexe F, p. 3, and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 215, and IX. 1878, p. 176: Hilgendorf in v. d. Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika III.i. p. 73: Hoffmann in Pollen and Van Dam, Faun. Madagasc., Crust. p. 3: Miers, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 133, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) II. 1878, p. 407: Richters in Mébius Meeresfauna Manrit. p. 145: EH. Nauck, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. xxxiv. 1880, p. 56 (gastric teeth) : Haswell, Cat. Austr. Crust. p. 41: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel VIII. 1886, p. 473: de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. liii. 1887, i, 232, and Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VIII. 1895, p. 496: Ortmann Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst. etc., VII. 1894, p. 469, and in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr. (Jena. Denkschr. VIII.) Crust., p. 51: Zehntner, Rev. Suisse Zool. II. 1894, p. 143.
Carpilius lividus, Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Ass. III. 1850, p. 174, is according to A. Milne Edwards, vide Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 217, the young of Carpilius convesus. Miers also, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (v) II. 1878, p. 407, considers C. lividus to be a synonym of Carpilius convexus.
Front vertically deflexed, the prominent median lobe is not de- cidedly bilobulate—in fact, it is sometimes but obscurely emarginate at tip—and is separated on either side from the lateral lobes by only a shallow excavation.
Carapace irregularly marbled with dark red, which in old spirit specimens sometimes fades entirely.
Seven specimens from the Andamans and Nicobars, |
1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 81
Carpitopes, Dana, A. Milne Edwards.
Carpilodes, Dana, Silliman’s Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, (2) XII. 1851, p. 126, and Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Philad. VI. 1852, p. 77, and U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 192.
Carpilodes, Alph. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 224 (et synon.)
€arpilodes, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 133.
Carpilozanthus, Alph. Milne Edwards in Maillard’s Vile Réunion, Annexe F,
p. 3. (A. M. E.)
Carapace very broad, convex in both directions, with the regions generally well demarcated and—especially in the anterior half—sub- divided into lobular areols; its antero-lateral borders usually sub- divided into four broad, shallow, rounded lobes; its postero-lateral borders straight, or a little concave, and strongly convergent.
Front broad (about a third the greatest breadth of the carapace) obliquely deflexed, grooved and slightly notched in the middle line, but not distinctly bilobed. |
Orbits small, with entire margins, but usually with the three suture lines near the outer angle more or less distinct: eye-stalks short and thick.
Antennules folding obliquely, almost transversely. Basal antennal joint running up between the front and the lower orbital plate much as in Carpilius; the flagellum rather longer than the major diameter of the